【正文】 稱中國民間藝術(shù)寶庫中的一顆明珠。木板年畫，顧名思義，就是用木板印出來的年畫，不但具有極高的收藏價值，而且還極具觀賞性。朱仙鎮(zhèn)木板年畫和天津楊柳青、山東濰坊、江蘇桃花塢年畫并稱中國四大年畫。朱仙鎮(zhèn)木板年畫采用的是手工木刻制作，制作工藝非常講究。參考譯文New Year Painting is a kind of Chinese painting originating from ancient door god painting. In the period of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was formally known as New Year Painting. In the northern Song Dynasty, it was a trend to paste New Year paintings on New Year festivals and other holidays. The wood panel new year paintings has a long history. It can be called a pearl of the folk art in China. The wood panel new year paintings, as their names imply, are painted with wood panels. They not only have very high artistic value, but also are highly ornamental. Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town, together with new year painting in Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Weifang of Shandong and Taohuawu of Jiangsu are collectively known as the four famous new year paintings in China. Wood panel new year paintings in Zhuxian Town are made of handmade wood and the production process is very demanding.熱點(diǎn)翻譯31祖沖之，429年生于建康（今南京），他從小就顯示出過人的才學(xué)。,592,592,7之間。這個數(shù)值在當(dāng)時是世界上最精確的圓周率數(shù)值。直到大約一千年后，歐洲數(shù)學(xué)家才求得同樣的結(jié)果。由于祖沖之在計算圓周率方面的重大貢獻(xiàn)，圓周率又被稱為“祖率”。國際科學(xué)界還將月球上的一座環(huán)形山（lunar crater）命名為“祖沖之山”（Tsu Chungchi）。國際行星中心還以他的名字命名了一顆小行星（asteroid）。這些都是為了紀(jì)念這位偉大的科學(xué)巨匠。參考譯文Born in Jiankang (present Nanjing) in 429, Zu Chongzhi (Tsu Chungchi) displayed unusual talent from his childhood. Based on others’ achievements, he calculated out that the precise value of ∏ shall be between ,592,6 and ,592,7. This was the most precise approximation at that time and not until one thousand years later that a European mathematician came up with the same result. For all his great contribution, ∏ is also called the Zu ratio in honor of Zu Chongzhi. What’s more, the international scientific circle named one lunar crater “Tsu Chungchi”. And the International Planet Center named one asteroid after his name. All these efforts are done to memorate this great scientist.熱點(diǎn)翻譯32在英文中，“中國”與“瓷器”是一個詞，這說明，很早的時期歐洲人就把中國與瓷器聯(lián)系在一起了。瓷器15世紀(jì)時就傳入歐洲，在中外交流中占有重要位置。德國卡塞爾朗德（Keisel Randy）博物館至今還藏有一件中國明代青瓷（blueandwhite）碗。歷史上，中國和亞洲的其他國家以及歐洲國家的瓷器交易極為頻繁，而且數(shù)量巨大。據(jù)今人研究，在16021682年間，僅荷蘭東印度公司（the Dutch East India Company）從中國販運(yùn)到歐洲的瓷器就有一千六百多萬件。瓷器以其優(yōu)雅精致的品質(zhì)，為中國贏得了好名聲。參考譯文In English, china has the same meaning as porcelain. This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relation to porcelain. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries. The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blueandwhite bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty. Throughout history, China maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain with other Asian countries and Europe. From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company alone transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain from China to Europe. Porcelain earned a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.熱點(diǎn)翻譯33中國人為什么要修長城、在秦始皇時代，每20個人中，就有一個人參與修建過長城。中國人經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次毀滅性的戰(zhàn)爭，他們深知，保護(hù)生靈的城墻總比掩埋尸體的壕溝（trench）好。修建長城有說不盡的艱辛，甚至不少人還因此付出了生命。但與慘烈的戰(zhàn)爭相比，人們更愿意選擇前者。長城在中國歷史上發(fā)揮的作用是巨大的。在冷兵器時代，長城在軍事防御上起到了不容置疑的作用，尤其在防御北方民族所謂的“馬背上的進(jìn)攻”方面，效果是明顯的。參考譯文Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the first Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 people tool part in the project. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, Chinese people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches. Building walls was extremely hard labor, sometimes even at the cost of life itself. Compared with bloody wars, however, people would rather choose the former. The Great Wall played a significant role in history. It certainly served the purpose of military defense in the age of cool steel, especially in preventing attacks from northern peoples on horseback.熱點(diǎn)翻譯34圍棋（go）于四千多年前起源于中國，是一種重要的棋盤游戲，并在一千多年前就先后傳到朝鮮半島（peninsula）和日本，為東北亞人們普遍喜愛。每年中、日、韓之間有多種圍棋比賽，圍棋成為文化交流的工具。圍棋不僅是一個競賽項目，也是一種游戲活動，文人（literati）的案臺上常常備有圍棋?？腿藖砹?，除了有酒，還有圍棋。舊時，無論在農(nóng)村還是在市井，人們常常可以見到這樣的場面：兩個人在對弈，旁邊站著一大片觀棋的人，觀棋的人得到的快樂絲毫不比下棋的人少。參考譯文Go is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4,000 years ago. It was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan over 1,000 years ago, and has since bee a favorite pastime of many people there. Today, go still serves as a means of cultural exchange between the peoples of China, Japan and Korea, as they engage in numerous of entertainment. The literati would usually have a set of go pieces on their desks. When a friend came around, both the host and the guest would enjoy a game of go, along with fine wine. In ancient countryside and towns, it was a mon scene that a pair of go players in an open space would often attract an attentive crowd, with the onlookers enjoying the game no less than the players.熱點(diǎn)翻譯35在中國， 小孩子的抓周（oneyearold catch）儀式獨(dú)具風(fēng)格，在孩子的成長過程中，這個儀式具有里程碑式的重要意義。抓周儀式在小孩滿一周歲的時候舉行，最早記載于北齊。小孩子滿周歲的那天，在吃中午的長壽面之前，家里的長輩們會將書、筆、錢幣、首飾、玩具和食物等擺出來，由大人將小孩抱過來，令其端坐，大人們不給于任何的引導(dǎo)或暗示，任孩子任意挑選，并以此為依據(jù)來預(yù)測孩子可能存在的志趣和將要從事的職業(yè)以及發(fā)展，也寄寓了長輩們對孩子的美好期待。參考譯文In China, the oneyearold catch of a baby is of unique characteristic. The ceremony is of milestonelike significance in the growing process of a baby. The ceremony usually celebrates when the baby is one year old. The earliest historical record about oneyearold catch appeared during the Northern Qi Dynasty. On the day when a baby is one year old, the family of the baby will lay out books, pens, coins, jewelries, toys and foods, etc. the parents hen put the baby in front of these articles and make him/ her sit up. Nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by himself/ herself. According to the articles the baby catches, the family tries to make predictions about the baby’s potential interests, future career and development. The ceremony also represents that the elder place good wishes and hope on the baby.熱點(diǎn)翻譯36生活在中國黃河中上游的黃土高原（the loess Plateau）上的人們，利用哪里的黃土層建造了一種獨(dú)特的住宅—窯洞（cavedwelling）。窯洞分為土窯、石