英語(yǔ)中幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)連詞andbutor的用法匯-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-04-07 01:03本頁(yè)面
【正文】 種新情況——“我感到奇怪”)2. 當(dāng)要引出一個(gè)表示假想的(imaginary)條件句時(shí)。如：If he weren’t so silly, he would understand. 他要不是那樣傻的話(huà)，他就會(huì)明白了。(實(shí)際上他很傻)If I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她，她就跳下去了。(實(shí)際上我阻止了她)注：偶爾可見(jiàn)到 unless 用于假想條件句，但有不少語(yǔ)法家反對(duì)這一用法，建議學(xué)生不要模仿。順便說(shuō)一句，unless 有時(shí)用于引出一個(gè)補(bǔ)充前言的話(huà)(此時(shí)通常用破折號(hào)而不用逗號(hào)且不能用 if ... not 替換)，此時(shí)若談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去的情況，注意不要與表示想象的條件句相混淆。如：I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time — unlessI had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時(shí)趕到會(huì)場(chǎng)，除非我趕上了較早的一班火車(chē)。(事實(shí)是“我”沒(méi)有及時(shí)到會(huì))若將上句中的 unless 換為 if ... not，則意思有很大差別：I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time if I had not caught an earlier train. 要是我沒(méi)有趕上早一班火車(chē)，我就不可能及時(shí)到會(huì)了。(事實(shí)是“我”及時(shí)到會(huì)了)不是連詞的“連詞” ■山東 劉永科 記得在人教版新課標(biāo)英語(yǔ)課本上，有這樣一個(gè)句子： So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 在這個(gè)句子中every time做什么成分，起什么作用呢? 這是一個(gè)很有意思的問(wèn)題?？吹竭@個(gè)句子，讓我們想起了學(xué)過(guò)的一篇課文，題目叫做The band that wasn’t (a band)（不是樂(lè)隊(duì)的樂(lè)隊(duì)）。 那么，“Every time” is a conjunction that isn’t (a conjunction)（不是連詞的連詞），之所以這么說(shuō)，是因?yàn)閑very time不是真正的連詞，而是一個(gè)名詞（詞組），但是它在句中確實(shí)起到了連詞的作用。要想知道every time的作用，首先要搞清楚So many thousands of terrified people died和there was an outbreak之間是什么關(guān)系：So many thousands of terrified people died意為“成千上萬(wàn)的驚恐不已的人們相繼死去”，there was an outbreak意為“有霍亂爆發(fā)”，every time意為“每次，每當(dāng)”，從這三者之間的關(guān)系來(lái)看，every time就是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞。整個(gè)句子的意思是：每當(dāng)霍亂爆發(fā)時(shí)，成千上萬(wàn)的驚恐不已的人們相繼死去。every time跟whenever所起的作用無(wú)異。 在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，像every time用作連詞的情況，可以說(shuō)俯拾皆是。又如：Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 我每次感冒背就痛?！ 〕薳very time外，以下名詞性詞組如the minute, the moment, the instant, the time, the day, the week, the year, the first time, next time, any time, each time, the last time, from the time, by the time等，都可以作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一見(jiàn)你就認(rèn)出了你?！ he machine starts the moment the button is pressed. 按鈕一按，機(jī)器便開(kāi)始作?！ e called on me the day he arrived. 他來(lái)的那一天就訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了我?！ e were there the week it snowed so heavily. 雪下得很大的那一周我們?cè)谀抢铩！ he first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt ，感到膽怯?！ ext time you e, you will see the scientist. 你下次來(lái)時(shí)就會(huì)見(jiàn)到那位科學(xué)家?！ ou may e back any time you want to. 你想回來(lái)隨時(shí)可回來(lái)。 Each time the tourist traveled by boat he got seasick. 這位旅客每次坐船行時(shí)都暈船?！ he last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. 她最后一次看詹姆斯時(shí)，他躺在床上?！ he truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up. 到你把一切東西都捆好時(shí)，卡車(chē)也就來(lái)了。 甚至有些副詞如 immediately, directly, instantly 都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as，意為“一……就……”。例如： You must show the gentleman in immediately he es. 這位先生一來(lái)，你立即引他進(jìn)來(lái)?！ here was a dead silence directly he appeared. 他一出現(xiàn)，便鴉雀無(wú)聲?！ t began to rain instantly we arrived home. 我們一到家，天就開(kāi)始下起雨來(lái)。 上述情況多為名詞（個(gè)別副詞）變?yōu)椤皶r(shí)間連詞”。英語(yǔ)在朝著表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔的方向發(fā)展，只要不產(chǎn)生歧義，能省略的盡量省略。還有 the way 的用法更是如此，例如： Please do it the way I’ve told you. 請(qǐng)按照我告訴你的那樣做?！ 39。m talking to you just the way I39。d talk to a boy of my own. 我和你說(shuō)話(huà)就像和自己孩子說(shuō)話(huà)一樣?！ 。ㄒ陨蟽删渲?，the way 相當(dāng)于 as 的意思，如果誰(shuí)再說(shuō)…in the way in which…，就是英語(yǔ)的倒退。） 表示“一……就”的連詞有網(wǎng)友問(wèn)：用英語(yǔ)表示“一……就”，除用 as soon as 外，還有哪些方法？英語(yǔ)中要表示“一……就”，除用連詞as soon as外，還可用the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：He started as soon as he received the news. 他一接到消息就出發(fā)了。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒(méi)希望了。I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一來(lái)到我就要見(jiàn)他。The instant he opened the door he saw the thief. 他一開(kāi)門(mén)就看見(jiàn)了這個(gè)賊。Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來(lái)我就把消息告訴了他。Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來(lái)我們就可以開(kāi)始。We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。She had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來(lái)了。
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