【正文】 tergradient wind 反梯度風subgradient wind 次梯度風supergradient wind 超梯度風thermal wind 熱成風veering wind 順轉風backing wind 逆轉風wind shear 風切變geostrophic wind 地轉風antitriptic wind 摩擦風subgeostrophic wind 次地轉風supergeostrophic wind 超地轉風ageostrophic wind 非地轉風isallobaric wind 變壓風jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本氣流subtropical jet stream 副熱帶急流axis of jet stream 急流軸streamline 流線westerly jet 西風急流convective cloud 對流云deep convection 深對流shallow convection 淺對流line convection 線對流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 熱對流moist convection 濕對流cumulus convection 積云對流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度對流系統warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升氣流downward flow 下沉氣流convective adjustment 對流調整convective parameterization 對流參數化mesoscale convective plex, MCC 中尺度對流復合體geostrophic motion 地轉運動quasigeostrophic motion 準地轉運動semigeostrophic motion 半地轉運動ageostrophic motion 非地轉運動irrotational motion 無旋運動nondivergent motion 無輻散運動baroclinic atmosphere 斜壓大氣barotropic atmosphere 正壓大氣baroclinic mode 斜壓模態(tài)barotropic mode 正壓模態(tài)normal mode 正規(guī)模態(tài)Ekman layer ?？寺鼘覧kman spiral ?？寺菥€atmospheric circulation 大氣環(huán)流meridional circulation 經向環(huán)流zonal circulation 緯向環(huán)流Hadley cell 哈得來環(huán)流Walker cell 沃克環(huán)流direct circulation 直接環(huán)流indirect circulation 間接環(huán)流[圈]tradewind circulation 信風環(huán)流circulation cell 環(huán)流圈local circulation 局地環(huán)流threecell [meridional] circulation 三圈經向環(huán)流circulation index 環(huán)流指數high index 高指數low index 低指數index cycle 指數循環(huán)circulation theorem 環(huán)流定理Kelvin39。s theorem of circulation 開爾文環(huán)流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮葉克尼斯環(huán)流定理crossequatorial flow 越赤道氣流adjustment of circulation 環(huán)流調整mesospheric circulation 中間層環(huán)流largescale circulation 大尺度環(huán)流atmospheric center of action 大氣活動中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流層爆發(fā)[性]增溫atmospheric turbulence 大氣湍流eddy 渦旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合長K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理論Prandtl mixinglength theory 普朗特混合長理論turbulent boundary layer 湍流邊界層laminar boundary layer 層流邊界層turbulence spectrum 湍流譜turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交換turbulent diffusion 湍流擴散EliassenPalm flux EP通量lateral mixing 側向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 數值天氣預報model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式輸出統計預報equivalent barotropic model 相當正壓模式quasigeostrophic model 準地轉模式filtered model 過濾模式adiabatic model 絕熱模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天氣尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoα scale α中尺度mesoβ scale β中尺度mesoγ scale γ中尺度spectral model 譜模式movable finemesh model 可移動細網格模式semiimplicit scheme 半隱式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎風差格式putational instability 線性計算不穩(wěn)定perturbation method 小擾動法energy cascade 能量串級objective analysis 客觀分析physical mode 物理模[態(tài)]putational mode 計算模[態(tài)]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次網格尺度參數化normal mode initialization 正規(guī)模[態(tài)]初值化dynamic initialization 動力初值化static initialization 靜力初值化fourdimensional data assimilation 四維資料同化rigid boundary condition 剛體邊界條件spongy boundary condition 海綿邊界條件first guess 初估值time smoothing 時間平滑space smoothing 空間平滑automatic data processing 自動資料處理structure function 結構函數splitexplicit scheme 分離顯式格式bogus data 人造[站]資料hydrostatic check 靜力檢查difference scheme 差分格式staggered grid 交錯網格stagger scheme 交錯格式nested grid 套網格pseudospectral method 假譜方法successive correction analysis 逐步訂正法optimum interpolation method 最優(yōu)插值法statistical interpolation method 統計插值法manmachine weather forecast 人機結合天氣預報limited area model, LAM 有限區(qū)模式limited area finemesh model, LFM 有限區(qū)細網格模式statisticaldynamic prediction 統計動力預報diagnostic analysis 診斷分析numerical simulation 數值模擬numerical experiment 數值實驗general circulation model, GCM 大氣環(huán)流模式barotropic model 正壓模式baroclinic model 斜壓模式primitive equation 原始方程governing equation 控制方程06. 天氣學 synoptic meteorology 天氣學weather 天氣synoptic chart 天氣圖meteorological code 氣象電碼weather symbol 天氣符號barb 風速羽wind shaft 風矢桿wind arrow 風矢present weather 現在天氣past weather 過去天氣upper air chart 高空[天氣]圖surface chart 地面[天氣]圖vertical cross section 垂直剖面圖facsimile weather chart 傳真天氣圖isobaric surface 等壓面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 標準等壓面contour chart 等壓面圖rainfall chart 雨量圖streamline chart 流線圖time crosssection 時間剖面圖scatter diagram 點聚圖isoline 等值線isotherm 等溫線isodrosotherm 等露點線isallotherm 等變溫線isobar 等壓線topographic isobar 地形等壓線isallobar 等變壓線hodograph 高空風分析圖contour line 等高線isallohypse 等變高線isopleth of thickness 等厚度線isotach 等風速線isogon 等風向線isanomaly 等距平線isohume 等濕度線moisture profile 濕度廓線isohyet 等雨量線shear line 切變線squall line 颮線convergence line 輻合線pressure tendency 氣壓傾向anallobar 正變壓線katallobar 負變壓線pressure variation 氣壓變量pressure field 氣壓場wind field 風場allobaric field 變壓場anallobaric center 正變壓中心katallobaric center 負變壓中心humidity field 濕度場wet tongue 濕舌dry tongue 干舌dry line 干線temperature field 溫度場cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 氣壓系統low [pressure], depression 低[氣]壓deepening of a depression 低壓加深filling of a depression 低壓填塞cold low 冷低壓warm low 暖低壓mesoscale low 中尺度低壓thermal low 熱低壓cutoff low 切斷低壓orographic depression 地形低壓trough 低壓槽trough line 槽線inverted trough 倒槽cold trough 冷槽forwardtilting trough 前傾槽backwardtilting trough 后傾槽topographic trough 地形槽anchored trough 錨槽monsoon trough 季風槽westerly trough 西風槽longwave trough 長波槽East Asia major trough 東亞大槽cyclone 氣旋cyclonic circulation 氣旋性環(huán)流cyclonic curvature 氣旋性曲率cyclonic shear 氣旋性切變extratropical cyclone 溫帶氣旋secondary cyclone 次生氣旋cyclonic wave 氣旋波cyclone family 氣旋族occluded cyclone 錮囚氣旋cyclogenesis 氣旋生成cyclolysis 氣旋消散vortex 低渦cold vortex 冷渦warm vortex 暖渦permanent de