【正文】 如：There is a table and four chairs in that diningroom.(在那個餐廳里有一張桌子和四把椅子。)(5) 幾個用不定冠詞的習(xí)語：a bit(一點(diǎn)), a little(一點(diǎn)), a few(幾個), a lot (許多), a kind of(一種), a pair of(一副、一雙), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一張、一片), half an hour(半小時), have a good time(玩得開心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一會兒,等等。定冠詞the的用法：定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。定冠詞的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,請看黑板。)(3) 復(fù)述前面提到過的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(樹下有個人, 那個人叫羅伯特。)(4) 表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。)(5) 用在表示方位的名詞前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(長江以南地 區(qū)將會刮大風(fēng)。)(6) 在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(誰第一個去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)(7) 常用在樂器名稱的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五歲時他開始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山)(9) 用在含有普通名詞的專有名詞的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他來自美利堅合眾國)(10) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下個月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11) same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去長得一樣)(12) 幾個用定冠詞的習(xí)語：at the same time (與此同時),make the bed(鋪床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(順便說一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 一些不用冠詞的情況：(1) 專有名詞和(第一次使用)一些不可數(shù)名詞時前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中國是個大國) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)(3) 周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他們通常在山上植樹)(4) (第一次使用)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示人或事物的類別時不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聰明)(5) 三餐飯前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我們在家吃早飯,在校吃午飯)(6) 節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在兒童節(jié),這些男孩經(jīng)常得到父母的禮物)(7) 球類名詞前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用。如：They are now at People’s Cinema.(他們此刻在人民電影院)(9) 一些習(xí)慣用語中不用。如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school。 ⑵ in / to / for / after class。 ⑶in / to / out of / into bed。 ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work。 ⑸ at / to sea。 ⑹ in / from / down / to town。 ⑺ at / from home。 ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper。 ⑼ at night/noon/midnight。 ⑽ on foot。 ⑾ go to school/bed。 ⑿ on top of。 ⒀ in front of。 ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch。 ⒂ in / out of hospital。 ⒃ at all。 ⒄ on/in time。 ⒅ at first/last/once。 ⒆ in Chinese/English, etc.。 ⒇ take care of 六、形容詞、副詞形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞在句子中的位置：⑴作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)⑵作表語時放在連系動詞之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)⑶作賓語補(bǔ)足語時放在賓語之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)⑷后置的情況：① 飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)② 表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。如：He’s metres tall.(。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：⑴ whole與all：記住兩個詞序：① the whole + 名詞； ② all (of) the + 名詞。如：He was busy the whole morning.(整個早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞)⑵ tall與high, short與low：指人的個子時用tall與short；指其他事物時一般用high與low。如：He’s very tall/short.(他個子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)⑶ real與true：real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”；而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”。如：This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴) / Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實(shí)嗎？ 是的,我親耳所聽)⑷ interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對自然科學(xué)感興趣)⑸ such用法： such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記)⑹ good與well：表示“好”時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示“(身體)好”時用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上) / How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎？我很好。)⑺ nice與fine：的區(qū)別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等；fine一般指身體或天氣好。如：Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣！) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)⑻ too much與much too：too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪? / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)⑼ quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動速度快,而soon則表示時間上很快即將發(fā)生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火車比公共汽車快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)⑽lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語；alone的意思是：“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú))/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是個孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易)⑾ other與else的區(qū)別：兩個詞都可以作形容詞,但是用法不同,other放在名詞前；else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否則”,是連詞。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他學(xué)生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題？) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎？⑿ special與especial的區(qū)別：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時,兩個詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如