【正文】 問句)Does Lily have any red pencils?have的否定句、疑問句也可以不借助于助動詞，而直接在have和has后加not構成否定句或將have和has提到句首構成疑問句。不過這種變法只有have和has作有講時才能用，千萬別變錯呀！如：　　1. I have an eraser.　　(否定句)I haven39。t an eraser. (疑問句)Do you have an eraser?　　2. We have lunch at school. 　誤：We have not lunch at school. 正：We don39。t have lunch at school.Do 的四作用動詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字：做實義，助動詞，替前文，強語氣?！　∽饔靡唬簩嵙xdo　　do作實義動詞時，有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式，還有及物、不及物之分。如：　　1. vt. 做；研究；整理；完成。如：　?、賂he old man does an hour of sport every day.　　②She did her homework at home last night.　?、跰other was doing the cooking when I reached home.　?、蹾ave you done the exercises yet?　　2. vi. 行動；工作；進展；足夠。如：　?、?Kate does very well in her Chinese.　?、?How do you do? ③ Well done! ④ That will do. 　　作用二：助動do　　do作助動詞時，只有do, does, did三種形式，無詞義，限用于含行為動詞的一般現在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如：　?、賂hey don39。t have any tickets for tonight39。s concert.　?、贙ate stayed at home last night, didn39。t she?　?、跦ow many books does the library have?　　④She doesn39。t do the washing in the evening.　　作用三：替代do　為避免動詞的重復，使語言簡練，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動詞。如：　?、賂om runs much faster than you do.?、贚ucy, can you get some more tea, please? Sure. I39。ll do it right away.　?、赪ho broke the cup? 　Mimi did.　　③I like bananas. So does he.　　作用四：語氣do　　為突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、強調句和倒裝句中，以加強語氣。如：① Do be careful. ② Don39。t tell a lie. ③ He did e. 　?、?You often go to the park. So we do. 愁眉不展的助動詞did　　1. 到底何時使用did？　　did和其它助動詞一樣，本身無意義，自己不能獨立作謂語，只能和其它主要動詞一起構成謂語，用于構成一般過去時的否定句和疑問句，當然也常常用于代替上文中的行為動詞的過去式。如:　　　I didn39。t go to school last Sunday. 上周日我沒上學。　　　Did you buy a new pen yesterday? 昨天你買了枝新鋼筆嗎？　　　2. did身后的動詞到底用什么形式？　　　有的小朋友總不注意did身后的動詞用什么形式，在否定句和疑問句中，did身后的動詞必須用原形。 “他昨天沒有在家吃午飯?！薄　　誤] He didn39。t had lunch at home yesterday.　　　[正] He didn39。t have lunch at home yesterday.　　3. 我能用be動詞代替嗎？不管怎么說，含有行為(實義)動詞的一般過去時的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時，不能用be動詞，必須用到did！含be動詞的句子構成否定句或疑問句都絕不會讓did露面！ 例句：They went to the park last week. (改為否定句)　　　[誤] They weren39。t go to the park last week.　　　[正] They didn39。t go to the park last week.　　Be 的四功能 be是一個多功能動詞，在初級英語里可見四種用法：　　功能一，系動詞be　　be為連系動詞，中心詞義是是，句型為主＋系＋表結構。be的形式常用am, is, are(現在式)；was, were(過去式)；will/can/may/must be(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋原形)；have/has/had been(助動詞＋過去分詞)等。如：　　To help animals is helping people.(一般現在時)　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過去時)　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來時)　　She has been ill for over a week.(現在完成時)　　功能二，助動詞be　　助動詞be，無詞義，輔助主要動詞一起在句中作謂語動詞。用法如下：　　1. be+doing：構成進行時態(tài)，有現在和過去兩種進行時態(tài)。如：　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.　　2. be+done：構成被動語態(tài)(主語是動作的承受者，done必須是及物動詞)。如：　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現在時的被動語態(tài))　　This building was built three years ago.(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現在完成時的被動語態(tài))　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(動詞不定式的被動語態(tài))　　3. be+going to do，表示打算或將要做某事，be有現在和過去兩種形式。如：　　We are going to plant trees in the park.　　I didn39。t know if she was going to e here.　　4. be+to do，表示按計劃安排將要做某事。如：The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.　　功能三，there be　　there be句式為：there be+主語部分＋狀語部分，表示某處存在某物，be常用現在時，過去時和將來時等。如：　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. 　　Will there be a football match in your school next week? 　　功能四，實義be　　可以將be視為實義動詞，因為它具有實際的詞義，如成為。做。發(fā)生。舉行。逗留。到達等。如：　　His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.　　Kate39。s birthday party will be at half past six this evening.　　Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.打開“l(fā)ike文檔”like既可作動詞，又可作介詞。在使用它時要好好分辨它的詞性。否則，還真容易混淆。下面是我為大家創(chuàng)建的like文檔，打開它，like用法一目了然?！　　疚臋n1】like作動詞，意為喜歡；愛好?！　?名詞(代詞)表示喜歡某人或某物?！　　静倬殹縈ary likes apples a lot. 瑪麗非常喜歡蘋果?！　?doing (sth.) 表示喜歡做某事，它側重于經常性地喜歡做某事?！　　静倬殹縎he likes reading. 她喜歡閱讀。　　 to do (sth.) 表示喜歡做(某事)，它側重于具體的、一次性的動作或行為，也表示偶然喜歡做某事?！　　静倬殹縄 like playing football, but I like to play basketball today. 我喜歡踢足球，但今天我喜歡打籃球?！　?. would like sth. / would like to do 想要某物/想要做某事。would like短語相當于want，但它比want的語氣更委婉。　　【操練】I would like some cakes. 我想要些蛋糕?！　 would like to have dumplings. 我想吃餃子?！　?like sb. to do 想要某人做某事?！　　静倬殹縄39。d like you to go shopping with ?！　　鞠嚓P鏈接】表示喜歡的程度。如很(非常)喜歡，可在句式后加上a lot, a little或very much等。表示不喜歡(做某事)……，可用don39。t / doesn39。t like (doing/ to do sth.)，有時我們可在其后加上at all來表示不喜歡的程度。　　【文檔2】like作介詞，意為跟……一樣；像……。　　、代詞作賓語?！　　静倬殹緿on39。t throw it like this. 不要像這樣扔?！　?like，look like短語意為看來像……一樣?！　　静倬殹縎he is like her mother. 她長得像她的母親。Some 與 Anysome和any都有一些的含義,都能修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞,但用法卻大有不同。 　　some 一般用在肯定句中。 　　如: There are some girls in the classroom. 教室里有一些女孩。 　　some有時也用于疑問句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并不表示對某事有疑問。 　　如: Will you give me some ink? 請給我一些墨水好嗎? 　　any一般用于疑問句和否定句中。 　　如: Are there any maps on the wall? 墻上有地圖嗎? There aren39。t any trees behind the house. 房子后面沒有樹。 　　請用some和any填空,使句意完整。 　　1. Are there ______ bananas in the bag? 　　2. There are ______ goats under the tree. 　　3. There aren39。t ______ people on the bus. 　　4. There are ______ roses on the table.*** “多少”須計較**【how many】后只用復數名詞, 如: 你有多少本故事書? 　【誤】How many storybook do you have? 【誤】How much storybook do you have? 　【正】 How many storybooks do you have? 　　他想要多少塊面包? 　　【誤】 How many piece of bread does he want? 　　【誤】 How much piece of bread does he want? 　　【正】 How many pieces of bread does he want? **【how much】how much , 在多少的問題上，用于修飾不可數名詞， 　　你需要多少肉？ 　【誤】 How many meat do you need? 【正】 How much meat do you need? 請大家評評理，看看我們到底誰對！另外，問多少錢，用“How much”。如：How much was your pen? 你的鋼筆多少錢？ 　　 How much are those things? 那些東西多少錢？ 　　27