【正文】 問句)Does Lily have any red pencils?have的否定句、疑問句也可以不借助于助動(dòng)詞，而直接在have和has后加not構(gòu)成否定句或?qū)ave和has提到句首構(gòu)成疑問句。不過這種變法只有have和has作有講時(shí)才能用，千萬別變錯(cuò)呀！如：　　1. I have an eraser.　　(否定句)I haven39。t an eraser. (疑問句)Do you have an eraser?　　2. We have lunch at school. 　誤：We have not lunch at school. 正：We don39。t have lunch at school.Do 的四作用動(dòng)詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字：做實(shí)義，助動(dòng)詞，替前文，強(qiáng)語氣?！　∽饔靡唬簩?shí)義do　　do作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式，還有及物、不及物之分。如：　　1. vt. 做；研究；整理；完成。如：　?、賂he old man does an hour of sport every day.　?、赟he did her homework at home last night.　?、跰other was doing the cooking when I reached home.　　④Have you done the exercises yet?　　2. vi. 行動(dòng)；工作；進(jìn)展；足夠。如：　?、?Kate does very well in her Chinese.　　② How do you do? ③ Well done! ④ That will do. 　　作用二：助動(dòng)do　　do作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只有do, does, did三種形式，無詞義，限用于含行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如：　　①They don39。t have any tickets for tonight39。s concert.　?、贙ate stayed at home last night, didn39。t she?　?、跦ow many books does the library have?　?、躍he doesn39。t do the washing in the evening.　　作用三：替代do　為避免動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)，使語言簡(jiǎn)練，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動(dòng)詞。如：　?、賂om runs much faster than you do.?、贚ucy, can you get some more tea, please? Sure. I39。ll do it right away.　　②Who broke the cup? 　Mimi did.　?、跧 like bananas. So does he.　　作用四：語氣do　　為突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句中，以加強(qiáng)語氣。如：① Do be careful. ② Don39。t tell a lie. ③ He did e. 　?、?You often go to the park. So we do. 愁眉不展的助動(dòng)詞did　　1. 到底何時(shí)使用did？　　did和其它助動(dòng)詞一樣，本身無意義，自己不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和其它主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，用于構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的否定句和疑問句，當(dāng)然也常常用于代替上文中的行為動(dòng)詞的過去式。如:　　　I didn39。t go to school last Sunday. 上周日我沒上學(xué)。　　　Did you buy a new pen yesterday? 昨天你買了枝新鋼筆嗎？　　　2. did身后的動(dòng)詞到底用什么形式？　　　有的小朋友總不注意did身后的動(dòng)詞用什么形式，在否定句和疑問句中，did身后的動(dòng)詞必須用原形。 “他昨天沒有在家吃午飯。”　　　[誤] He didn39。t had lunch at home yesterday.　　　[正] He didn39。t have lunch at home yesterday.　　3. 我能用be動(dòng)詞代替嗎？不管怎么說，含有行為(實(shí)義)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí)，不能用be動(dòng)詞，必須用到did！含be動(dòng)詞的句子構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句都絕不會(huì)讓did露面！ 例句：They went to the park last week. (改為否定句)　　　[誤] They weren39。t go to the park last week.　　　[正] They didn39。t go to the park last week.　　Be 的四功能 be是一個(gè)多功能動(dòng)詞，在初級(jí)英語里可見四種用法：　　功能一，系動(dòng)詞be　　be為連系動(dòng)詞，中心詞義是是，句型為主＋系＋表結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式)；was, were(過去式)；will/can/may/must be(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋原形)；have/has/had been(助動(dòng)詞＋過去分詞)等。如：　　To help animals is helping people.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))　　The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過去時(shí))　　It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來時(shí))　　She has been ill for over a week.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))　　功能二，助動(dòng)詞be　　助動(dòng)詞be，無詞義，輔助主要?jiǎng)釉~一起在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞。用法如下：　　1. be+doing：構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：　　The girls is reading and copying the new words now.　　Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.　　2. be+done：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，done必須是及物動(dòng)詞)。如：　　Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))　　This building was built three years ago.(一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))　　Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))　　How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài))　　That is a day never to be forgotten.(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài))　　3. be+going to do，表示打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈?，be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式。如：　　We are going to plant trees in the park.　　I didn39。t know if she was going to e here.　　4. be+to do，表示按計(jì)劃安排將要做某事。如：The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.　　功能三，there be　　there be句式為：there be+主語部分＋狀語部分，表示某處存在某物，be常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)等。如：　　Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.　　There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. 　　Will there be a football match in your school next week? 　　功能四，實(shí)義be　　可以將be視為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗哂袑?shí)際的詞義，如成為。做。發(fā)生。舉行。逗留。到達(dá)等。如：　　His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.　　Kate39。s birthday party will be at half past six this evening.　　Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.打開“l(fā)ike文檔”like既可作動(dòng)詞，又可作介詞。在使用它時(shí)要好好分辨它的詞性。否則，還真容易混淆。下面是我為大家創(chuàng)建的like文檔，打開它，like用法一目了然?！　　疚臋n1】like作動(dòng)詞，意為喜歡；愛好?！　?名詞(代詞)表示喜歡某人或某物?！　　静倬殹縈ary likes apples a lot. 瑪麗非常喜歡蘋果。　　 doing (sth.) 表示喜歡做某事，它側(cè)重于經(jīng)常性地喜歡做某事?！　　静倬殹縎he likes reading. 她喜歡閱讀?！　?to do (sth.) 表示喜歡做(某事)，它側(cè)重于具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作或行為，也表示偶然喜歡做某事?！　　静倬殹縄 like playing football, but I like to play basketball today. 我喜歡踢足球，但今天我喜歡打籃球?！　?. would like sth. / would like to do 想要某物/想要做某事。would like短語相當(dāng)于want，但它比want的語氣更委婉?！　　静倬殹縄 would like some cakes. 我想要些蛋糕。　　I would like to have dumplings. 我想吃餃子?！　?like sb. to do 想要某人做某事?！　　静倬殹縄39。d like you to go shopping with ?！　　鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】表示喜歡的程度。如很(非常)喜歡，可在句式后加上a lot, a little或very much等。表示不喜歡(做某事)……，可用don39。t / doesn39。t like (doing/ to do sth.)，有時(shí)我們可在其后加上at all來表示不喜歡的程度?！　　疚臋n2】like作介詞，意為跟……一樣；像……?！　?、代詞作賓語?！　　静倬殹緿on39。t throw it like this. 不要像這樣扔?！　?like，look like短語意為看來像……一樣?！　　静倬殹縎he is like her mother. 她長(zhǎng)得像她的母親。Some 與 Anysome和any都有一些的含義,都能修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,但用法卻大有不同。 　　some 一般用在肯定句中。 　　如: There are some girls in the classroom. 教室里有一些女孩。 　　some有時(shí)也用于疑問句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并不表示對(duì)某事有疑問。 　　如: Will you give me some ink? 請(qǐng)給我一些墨水好嗎? 　　any一般用于疑問句和否定句中。 　　如: Are there any maps on the wall? 墻上有地圖嗎? There aren39。t any trees behind the house. 房子后面沒有樹。 　　請(qǐng)用some和any填空,使句意完整。 　　1. Are there ______ bananas in the bag? 　　2. There are ______ goats under the tree. 　　3. There aren39。t ______ people on the bus. 　　4. There are ______ roses on the table.*** “多少”須計(jì)較**【how many】后只用復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 如: 你有多少本故事書? 　【誤】How many storybook do you have? 【誤】How much storybook do you have? 　【正】 How many storybooks do you have? 　　他想要多少塊面包? 　　【誤】 How many piece of bread does he want? 　　【誤】 How much piece of bread does he want? 　　【正】 How many pieces of bread does he want? **【how much】how much , 在多少的問題上，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞， 　　你需要多少肉？ 　【誤】 How many meat do you need? 【正】 How much meat do you need? 請(qǐng)大家評(píng)評(píng)理，看看我們到底誰對(duì)！另外，問多少錢，用“How much”。如：How much was your pen? 你的鋼筆多少錢？ 　　 How much are those things? 那些東西多少錢？ 　　27