【正文】
this和that指物常用it來代替,these和those指人或指物時(shí)常用 they來代替。例如: 1. Where is Mr Wang from? He is from Beijing. 2. What are these? They are boxes. 當(dāng)然我們還應(yīng)注意,在朗讀時(shí)特殊疑問句應(yīng)用降調(diào)。例如: How old is your English↘teacher? There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 there be句型有特點(diǎn),主語放在be后邊, 多個(gè)主語并列時(shí),be隨最近主語變。 變疑問很簡(jiǎn)單,把be提到there前。 變否定也不難,be的后面not添。 肯定句中用some, 疑問、否定any換。 介詞短語表地點(diǎn),有表存在記心間。 There be在主語前,have/has在主語后。 多個(gè)主語并列時(shí),There be隨第一主語變。 并列主語表所有,要用have是正理。 There be表存在, have/has表所有。 have“有”何煩惱 Hi,大家好,我是動(dòng)詞have,你們?cè)缇驼J(rèn)識(shí)我了吧。同學(xué)們很羨慕我的本領(lǐng)大,但我也有我的煩惱,就是有些同學(xué)對(duì)我認(rèn)識(shí)得不夠全面,常常用錯(cuò)我,下面我就向大家訴訴苦,希望大家能正確使用我。 煩惱一:讀錯(cuò)我 因?yàn)槲沂莻€(gè)開音節(jié),所以有些同學(xué)把我誤讀成/haiv/,記住我讀/haiv/。 煩惱二:譯錯(cuò)我 我最基本的涵義是有,強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系,表示擁有。如: I have a 。 但有些同學(xué)一見到我就譯成有,那你就大錯(cuò)而特錯(cuò)了,其實(shí)我的用法除意為有之外,還有不少其它涵義呢。請(qǐng)看: 買講。如: I want to have a kilo of 。 用;作用;借用講,如: Excuse me, may I have your pen?打擾了,我可以用用你的鋼筆嗎? 、飲料等名詞,意為吃。喝=(eat,drink)。如: I have /eat an egg for 。 ,意為舉行;進(jìn)行。如: The students are having a 。 邀請(qǐng);招待講。如: Thank you for having 。 ,還可與其它詞構(gòu)成一些常見的固定搭配。如: have a rest休息一會(huì)兒,have a good time過得愉快,have a look,看一看,have a talk交談, have a meeting開會(huì)等等。 煩惱三:變錯(cuò)我 我的第三人稱單數(shù)不是在我的詞尾直接加s (haves ),而是has,我和has在否定句、疑問句中,要借助助動(dòng)詞do, does構(gòu)成疑問句,借助don39。t, doesn39。t構(gòu)成否定句。并把has還原成我have。如: Lily has some red pencils. (否定句)Lily doesn39。t have any red pencils. (疑問句)Does Lily have any red pencils? 我的否定句、疑問句也可以不借助于助動(dòng)詞,而直接在我have和has后加not構(gòu)成否定句或?qū)⑽襤ave和has提到句首構(gòu)成疑問句。不過這種變法只有我和has作有講時(shí)才能用,千萬別變錯(cuò)呀!如: 1. I have an eraser. (否定句)I haven39。t an eraser. (疑問句)Do you have an eraser? 2. We have lunch at school. 誤:We have not lunch at school. 正:We don39。t have lunch at school. Do 的四作用 動(dòng)詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字:做實(shí)義,助動(dòng)詞,替前文,強(qiáng)語氣。 作用一:實(shí)義do do作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式,還有及物、不及物之分。如: 1. vt. 做;研究;整理;完成。如: ?、賂he old man does an hour of sport every day. ?、赟he did her homework at home last night. ?、跰other was doing the cooking when I reached home. ④Have you done the exercises yet? 2. vi. 行動(dòng);工作;進(jìn)展;足夠。如: ?、貹ate does very well in her Chinese. ?、贖ow do you do? ?、踂ell done! ?、躎hat will do. 作用二:助動(dòng)do do作助動(dòng)詞時(shí),只有do, does, did三種形式,無詞義,限用于含行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如: ①They don39。t have any tickets for tonight39。s concert. ?、贙ate stayed at home last night, didn39。t she? ?、跦ow many books does the library have? ④She doesn39。t do the washing in the evening. 作用三:替代do 為避免動(dòng)詞的重復(fù),使語言簡(jiǎn)練,常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動(dòng)詞。如: ?、賂om runs much faster than you do. ?、贚ucy, can you get some more tea, please? Sure. I39。ll do it right away. ?、赪ho broke the cup? Mimi did. ?、跧 like bananas. So does he. 作用四:語氣do 為突出感情色彩,do常用于祈使句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句中,以加強(qiáng)語氣。如: ?、貲o be careful. ?、贒on39。t tell a lie. ?、跦e did e. ?、躖ou often go to the park. So we do. 愁眉不展的 did Hi!Dear friends! 大家都認(rèn)識(shí)我吧,我是助動(dòng)詞did,我的最大特點(diǎn)就是善解人意、助人為樂嘛!可是呀,有時(shí)我的心情會(huì)很糟糕!這是因?yàn)橐恍┐中牡呐笥巡焕斫馕摇,F(xiàn)在我想把我的煩惱說出來,希望大家能夠關(guān)心我,別再令我煩惱了,OK? 1. 到底何時(shí)使用我? 我和其它助動(dòng)詞一樣,本身無意義,自己不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和其它主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語,用于構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的否定句和疑問句,當(dāng)然也常常用于代替上文中的行為動(dòng)詞的過去式。如: I didn39。t go to school last Sunday. 上周日我沒上學(xué)。 Did you buy a new pen yesterday? 昨天你買了枝新鋼筆嗎? ?。? 有的小朋友總不注意我身后的動(dòng)詞用什么形式,你說我多么煩惱呀!其實(shí),在否定句和疑問句中,我身后的動(dòng)詞必須用原形。不信你來瞧: 他昨天沒有在家吃午飯。 [誤] He didn39。t had lunch at home yesterday. [正] He didn39。t have lunch at home yesterday. 3. 我能用be動(dòng)詞代替嗎? 不管怎么說,含有行為(實(shí)義)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí),不能用be動(dòng)詞,必須用到我!含be動(dòng)詞的句子構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句都絕不會(huì)讓我露面!有的小朋友總是讓我委屈、讓我煩,還是看看例句吧: They went to the park last week. (改為否定句) [誤] They weren39。t go to the park last week. [正] They didn39。t go to the park last week. 小朋友們這次了解我了吧,今后可別再出錯(cuò)啦,否則我一定會(huì)更加愁眉不展的!OK, see you next time! Be 的四功能 be是一個(gè)多功能動(dòng)詞,在初級(jí)英語里可見四種用法: 功能一,系動(dòng)詞be be為連系動(dòng)詞,中心詞義是是,句型為主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用am, is, are(現(xiàn)在式);was, were(過去式);will/can/may/must be(助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形);have/has/had been(助動(dòng)詞+過去分詞)等。如: To help animals is helping people.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般過去時(shí)) It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般將來時(shí)) She has been ill for over a week.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 功能二,助動(dòng)詞be 助動(dòng)詞be,無詞義,輔助主要?jiǎng)釉~一起在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞。用法如下: 1. be+doing:構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如: The girls is reading and copying the new words now. Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. 2. be+done:構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,done必須是及物動(dòng)詞)。如: Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) This building was built three years ago.(一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) That is a day never to be forgotten.(動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 3. be+going to do,表示打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈?,be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式。如: We are going to plant trees in the park. I didn39。t know if she was going to e here. 4. be+to do,表示按計(jì)劃安排將要做某事。如: The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy. 功能三,there be there be句式為:there be+主語部分+狀語部分,表示某處存在某物,be常用現(xiàn)在時(shí),過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)等。如: Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya. There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. Will there be a football match in your school next week? 功能四,實(shí)義be 可以將be視為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樗哂袑?shí)際的詞義,如成為。做。發(fā)生。舉行。逗留。到達(dá)等。如: His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties. Kate39。s birthday party will be at half past six this evening. Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang. 打開“l(fā)ike文檔” like既可作動(dòng)詞,又可作介詞。在使用它時(shí)要好好分辨它的詞性。否則,還真容易混淆。下面是我為大家創(chuàng)建的like文檔,打開它,like用法一目了然。 【文檔1】like作動(dòng)詞,意為喜歡;愛好。 +名詞(代詞)表示喜歡某人或某物。 【操練】Mary likes apples a lot. 瑪麗非常喜歡蘋果。 doing (sth.) 表示喜歡做某事,它側(cè)重于經(jīng)常性地喜歡做某事。 【操練】She likes reading. 她喜歡閱讀。 to do (sth.) 表示喜歡做(某事),它側(cè)重于具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作或行為,也表示偶然喜歡做某事。 【操練】I like playing football, but I like to play basketball today. 我喜歡踢足球,但今天我喜歡打籃球。 4. would like sth. / would like to do 想要某物/想要做某事。would like短語相當(dāng)于want,但它比want