【正文】 effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides …” 。這是一個段尾主題句作為全文主題的 典型例子。 主題句可能出現(xiàn)在一段文章的任何地方。它可能是文章的第一句話，也可能出現(xiàn)在文章的未尾。有些文章的 主題句在文章的開頭和未尾都出現(xiàn)，有時，主題句還可能插在一段文章的中間部分。有些文章，作者沒有明確地寫 出主題句，讀者必須從文章所涉及或討論的內容中自己推斷或歸納出主題句。 10 版權所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 下面一段文章的主題句是這段文章的第一句話: The London Marathon has bee one of Britain’s leading sports events. Since 1981, something like 45 million has been raised in individual sponsorship for charities. Tomorrow hundreds of thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation. Millions will watch on television. Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identifv with the ordinary person trying to fulfil his or her physical potential. Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could plete the historic distance. That is how athletic dreams are born. 下面一段文章的主題句出現(xiàn)在文章未尾: Because lunch es in the middle of the day, it gives me a wele break from studying. At school, lunch means thirty minutes out of class and a chance to rest after the morning’s work. While eating, I can plan what I’m going to do in the afternoon. And besides offering a pleasant break in the day, lunch is always a good meal. In fact, eating lunch is one of my favorite pastimes. 下面的這段文章提供了一個主題句出現(xiàn)在文章中間的典型例子: Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility－both physical and psychological－h(huán)as made a great impression on the culture of Californians。 lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of new Englanders. 下面這段文章的主題句既出現(xiàn)在文章的開始，也出現(xiàn)在文章的未尾: Jane and Karen have many things in mon. To begin with, both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the West, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to bee an elementary school teacher. But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins. 主旨推斷訓練題 Example 1 The farmer’s success in coping with his multitudinous tasks aroused a pride of acplishment that made him scorn the specialist or expert. As a Jackofalltrades he was content to be master of none, choosing to do many things well enough rather than anything supremely well. Accordingly, versatility became another outstanding American attribute. In public affairs the mon man agreed with President Jack that any intelligent citizen could discharge the duties of any governmental office. He had an abiding suspicion of the theorist or the “ scholar in politics”, preferring to trust his own quick perceptions and to deal from day to day with matters as they arose. In his breadwinning pursuits the American flitted freely from job to job in marked contrast to the European custom of following occupations which often descended from father to son. This passage was written to explain . A. what Europeans had done supremely well Americans did just as well B. Americans preferred to try many jobs at a time C. versatility was typical of Americans D. Americans didn’t want to be masters Example 2 Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. First of all, it is important to plan. Do your home work. Find out everything you can about your subject. And, at the same time, find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? what do they know about your subject? Do they have a mon 11 版權所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 interest? Why are they ing to hear you speak? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. This passage mainly discusses A. some suggestions for how to make a better speech B. the difficulty of improving one’s ability in preparing speech C. many people are interested in giving a speech Example 3 Most of Ghana’s working women are farmers and traders, Only one woman in five, or even fewer can be classified as simply housewives. Even these women often earn money by sewing or by baking and cooking things to sell. They also maintain vegetable gardens and chicken farms. Indeed, the woman who depends entirely upon her husband for her support is looked upon with disfavor. The main idea of this passage is A. one woman in five is a housewife C. even the nonworking women try to earn money Example 4 Personal relationships are very important. They are the key to do business in Arab countries, Try to identify the decisionmaker regarding your product or service immediately and get to know him on a friendly basis. Do your homework. Be prepared to discuss details of your product or proposal. When an Arab says yes, he may mean “maybe.” When he says maybe, he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab because it is considered impolite. Also, he does not want to close his options, Instead of “no”, he will say “in shallah” which means “if God is willing”. On the other hand, “Yes” does not necessarily mean “yes”. A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest. The paragraph discusses, in general, A. personal relationships C. technical questions Example 5 There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live. The invention of wheel made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. In the second half of the 19th century, many great inventions were made. Among them, were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The invention of some medicine in the middle part of the 20th century saved many people’s lives. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. New inventions will someday allow us to d