【正文】 aders always think about what they are reading, trying to interpret –– explain and understand –– the ideas presented in a reading passage. 句中破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容即是對(duì) interpret 一詞的解釋–––釋義和領(lǐng)悟，即“闡釋” 。當(dāng)然，掌握了后綴的意義并掌握了詞 匯的意義，也同樣能猜出全詞的意義。它 的功能主要是給原來(lái)的詞匯增加一層含義。表示對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)，在意義上相互聯(lián)系，從而使讀者通過(guò)對(duì)比得出詞義這一方法成 為可能。這種方法一般也是根據(jù)較具體的詞匯、詞組，通過(guò)歸納、猜測(cè)從而理 解較抽象的詞匯或詞組。 （一）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義 1．根據(jù)文章中給出的定義、修飾性從句及定語(yǔ)直接猜得詞義。 在四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀測(cè)試時(shí)，所出的有關(guān)詞匯題往往是比較有針對(duì)性的題目。如果一位考生既不認(rèn)識(shí)句中的詞匯，又無(wú)法從上下文中獲 得足夠的信息來(lái)猜測(cè)出這個(gè)詞的意義，那就很難答對(duì)詞匯題。因此 D)應(yīng)為正確 一、學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)詞義 猜測(cè)詞義的技巧可分為三大部分：根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義以及利用信號(hào)猜測(cè)詞義。 Example 2 We often call this small change of conversation small talk, but this description seems to denigrate it unfairly. On special occasions, at parties for example, small talk is usually necessary before deeper human relationships and more serious conversation－if these are desired. They may not always be desired, however, one may invite a business friend and his wife to dinner without wishing to make them close friends for life. And in this case, we need a form of language which is not too intimate and does not make us too intimate to others. 3．利用文章中所羅列出的例子猜詞義。 Example 5 “Have you two seats for tonight’s performance?” “I am sorry, all the seats are booked. There are a hundred unreserved seats. They are sold half an hour before the curtain goes up.” 6．利用對(duì)比的詞猜測(cè)詞義。前綴是附加在單詞前面的語(yǔ)法部件，它本身有發(fā)音，有意義，但不能單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)詞匯。因此，加后綴的詞的詞性也要引起考生的注意。這些符號(hào)通常是逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等。即“不安， 煩擾” 。 常見(jiàn)的序列信號(hào)詞有：first, second, third, …, and so on, then, after, before, then, next, last, afterward, finally, in the end D) 總括信號(hào)：表示下面的語(yǔ)句是對(duì)上文的概括和總結(jié)。 Example 10 The shock of encountering college students who did not recognize the names of eminent figures like Jane Addams or W. E. B. Du Bois led me to conduct an informal, unscientific survey of professors who teach history to undergraduates. The word “ shock ” may mean A. B. C. D. a sudden, upsetting disturbance a thick, bushy mass of something a group of corn stalk set in end to dry a violent blow or shaking . . The word “ figure ” in the present context is closest in meaning to A. a symbol for a number C. a person in high position B. drawing, painting, or image of the body D. geometric pattern 現(xiàn)將四除去 與生態(tài)(學(xué))有關(guān)的 使… 先前的。 例 示 5 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 前綴 nonoverpent(a)postprepsych(o)reselfsemisubthermoununder表2 后綴 意義、作用 沒(méi)有, 不 過(guò)度。雌性 構(gòu)成名詞,表 小 構(gòu)成名詞,表集合。 engineering(工程)。請(qǐng)看實(shí)例： 請(qǐng)看實(shí)例： 請(qǐng)看實(shí)例 【例文 1】 （CET－4 Passage Three） 8 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumer’s money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters（節(jié)食者） with the message that there were fewer calories （熱量單位， 大卡） every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic in （適合于節(jié)食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product, Consumers still control the final buying decision. 這是一篇較為典型的議論文，其論證主線如劃線部分所示。請(qǐng)看實(shí)例： Violin prodigies(神童), I learned, have e in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear, ” he told me. “They were all Jews(猶太人)and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and illtreated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional . 9 版權(quán)所有，不得翻印 作者：湯良斌 fields ,but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.” As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture(培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most petitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,” says Isaac Stem, “children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well.” The Koreans and Chinese , as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.(CET98，1 Passage Four). 本文意在說(shuō)明音樂(lè)神童是天賦＋勤備的產(chǎn)物。 根據(jù)后一句中的 “We must be more concerned with…” 可以斷定， 作者所說(shuō)的 “major problem” 實(shí)際上就是“the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides