【正文】 ers, walls, and slabs in order to make a highrise building sufficiently resistant to much higher lateral loads and deformations. 通常要做出特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)布置，并總是需要額外的材料來制作柱、大梁、墻和樓蓋以便使高層建筑能足以抵抗大許多側(cè)向荷載和變形。7 The vertical ponents carrying the gravity load, such as walls, columns, and shafts, will need to be strengthened over the full height of the building. 需要在整個高度范圍內(nèi)提高支承重力荷載的豎向構(gòu)件，如墻、柱和電梯井承載力。8 The graph shown in Figure1 illustrates how the weight of structural steel in pounds per square foot of floor increases as the number of stories increases from 1 up to 100. 圖1 中的曲線說明單位樓層所需結(jié)構(gòu)材料用量隨樓層數(shù)增加9 The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional columnandbeam frame. 其上下界線之間的范圍表示了比一般柱梁所組成的框架用鋼量的增加部分。10 Increase the effective width of the momentresisting subsystems. 增加抗彎系統(tǒng)的有效寬度：This is very useful because increasing the width will cut down the overturn force directly and will reduce deflection by the third power of the width increase, other things remaining constant. 這一點極為重要，因為當(dāng)其它因素不變時，增加寬度將直接減小傾覆力，并以寬度3次冪的關(guān)系減小側(cè)移。漢譯英 1 Although the basic principles of vertical and horizontal subsystem design remain the same for mid, or highrise buildings, when a building gets high the vertical subsystems bee a controlling problem for two reasons. 盡管對于中層和高層建筑，它們的豎向和水平方向子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計的基本原理并無區(qū)別，但當(dāng)一建筑物高度增加時，由于兩個原因使其豎向子系統(tǒng)成為控制問題。 2 3 Increase the effective width of the momentresisting subsystems. 增加抗彎系統(tǒng)的有效寬度：This is very useful because increasing the width will cut down the overturn force directly and will reduce deflection by the third power of the width increase, other things remaining constant. 這一點極為重要，因為當(dāng)其它因素不變時，增加寬度將直接減小傾覆力，并以寬度3次冪的關(guān)系減小側(cè)移。4 Arrange to have the greater part of vertical loads be carried directly on the primary momentresisting ponents. 布置結(jié)構(gòu)使豎向荷載的主要部分直接由主抗彎構(gòu)件承受。This will help stabilize the building against tensile overturning forces by prepressing the major overturnresisting ponents. 這將有助于通過預(yù)壓主要抗傾覆構(gòu)件來防止建筑物產(chǎn)生受拉的傾覆力而失穩(wěn)。5 The local shear in each story can be best resisted by strategic placement of solid walls or the use of diagonal members in a vertical subsystem. 各層局部剪力可最有效地通過適當(dāng)布置實體墻或在豎向體系中采用斜構(gòu)件。LESSON 26英譯漢1 Pavements serve structural, functional and safety purposes. 路面具有結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和安全的目的。They are necessary not only for roadways but also for parking lots, airports (., runways, taxiways, aprons and service roads), industrial sites, ports and so forth. 它們不但用于道路，也用于停車場、機場 （如跑道、滑行道、停機坪和服務(wù)道路），工場，港口等。2 The load at the interface between the wheel and the pavement surface is applied over a relatively small area, causing high stresses at that point, but these stresses decrease with depth as the load is spread over large areas. 在車輪和道路表面之間的荷載作用于小的面積上，從而在其作用點產(chǎn)生高應(yīng)力，但此應(yīng)力隨深度的增加而減小，因為此荷載在較深處擴散至較大的面積上。3 The functional performance of pavement is related to the users’ requirement for smooth and fortable riding conditions. 路面的功能與使用者對行車的平衡性和舒適性有關(guān)4 The PSI deteriorates with usage and pavement age and is one of several criteria employed to aid decision relating to maintenance, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of the pavement. 此指標(biāo)隨道路的使用和使用壽命而降低，它是用于幫助決定是否保養(yǎng)、維修或重建的許多準(zhǔn)則之一。5 Typical symptoms of pavement distresses are longitudinal and transverse cracking, breaking, swelling and heaving. 路面典型的缺陷包括縱向和橫向開裂、斷裂、脹起和隆起6The Asphalt Institute describes asphalt as a “strong cement, readily adhesive, highly waterproof and “強膠結(jié)材料，易于粘結(jié)，高度不透水和高耐久”7 Asphalt concrete mixtures are sometimes discussed in terms of the gradation of their ponent mineral aggregates and fillers into categories such as opengraded, coarsegraded or finegraded. 在討論瀝青混凝土?xí)r，有時根據(jù)其所含礦物和填料將其分類為開級配、粗級配和細級配。8The binations of material characteristics and proportions on one hand and mixing and placing conditions on the other can lead to asphalt concretes of differing characteristics in terms of their stability, durability and flexibility to suit a variety of application requirements. 瀝青混凝土的穩(wěn)定性，耐久性和柔性因其材料特性，比例、混合和鋪筑條件的不同而異，從而使其能滿足各種應(yīng)力需求。9 It is a “nonbituminous” cement and is classified as “hydaulic” cement because it solidifies under water. 它是一種非瀝青膠結(jié)材料，并因其遇水固化而被歸類為水化膠結(jié)料。10 Rigid pavement. A pavement structure which distributes loads to the subgrade, having as one course a Portlandcement concrete slab of relatively high bending resistance. 剛性路面：其路面結(jié)構(gòu)將荷載傳至基層，具有比較高的抗彎性能的一整塊瀝青混凝土板。漢譯英1值得指出的是在自然界存在著天然瀝青礦。It is worth to note that natural deposits of asphalt exist. 2根據(jù)集料和填料的級配，瀝青混合料經(jīng)常被分為開級配、粗級配或細級配瀝青混合料。Asphalt concrete mixtures are sometimes discussed in terms of the gradation of their ponent mineral aggregates and fillers into categories such as opengraded, coarsegraded or finegraded.3 4 5 10