【正文】 生在過去的過去。陳述句：He said he had told Davy.They told us they had finished the work.He left the office after he had called Davy.否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out.　一般疑問句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?特殊疑問句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?補充： 一、情態(tài)動詞can, must, may。may沒有否定形式。陳述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.一般疑問句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑問句： How can I get there? What must I do now?由情態(tài)動詞的過去式構(gòu)成，can—could.She could walk when she was one year old.I could not speak English one year ago.二、各種時態(tài)用法補充：一般現(xiàn)在時(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看見他，就把消息告訴他。(2)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，這類動詞有：be, go, e, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引導的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例：Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.一般將來時(1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準備做或即將發(fā)生的事情。例：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.(2)be to +v表示計劃安排將要做的事。例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.(3)be about to+v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例：We are about to start.(4)be due to+v表示預(yù)先確定了的、必定要發(fā)生的事。例：His book is due to be published in October.他的書預(yù)定10月份出版。(5)be on the point/verge of +(ving)。例：The country is on the verge of civil war.這個國家就要打內(nèi)戰(zhàn)了。現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，常與always, continually, constantly等連用(多表示贊揚或厭惡等語氣)。例：John is always ing late. 約翰總是遲到。(2)表示根據(jù)計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞，即表示從一個狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個狀態(tài)或位置上去的動詞。常用的有。go, e, leave, start, arrive,return等。例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.他們下個月去香港。(3)有些動詞一般不能使用進行時，這是一類表示“感覺”、“感情”、“存在”、“從屬”等的動詞。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感覺的動詞)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的動詞)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞)；have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有與從屬的動詞)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變，有時也可使用進行時態(tài)。例：Jane looks ’s wrong with him?珍妮看上去臉色蒼白，她怎么了？(look在此為聯(lián)系動詞)例：Jane is looking for his books.珍妮正在尋找她的書。(look在此為實義動詞)4．完成進行時完成進行時是完成時的強調(diào)形式。5．完成時態(tài)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時與與一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如所發(fā)生的結(jié)果、影響等；而一般過去時只表示動作發(fā)生在過去表示某一時刻，不表示與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。(2)完成時態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：This(That,It)is(was )the first(second….)time+定語從句：This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名詞+定語從句；This(This,It)is (was)+形容詞最高級+名詞+定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞動詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例1：This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.這是我第一次喝加利福尼亞香檳酒。例2：There was a knock at the was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.有人敲門，這是當天晚上第二次有人打擾我了。, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望，預(yù)期，意圖或愿望等沒有實現(xiàn)。例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.我本來打算星期一離開，但最終還是繼續(xù)留下來了。另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是： / were+ to have done sth.例1：We were to have e yesterday, but we couldn’t.我們本想昨天來的，但我們來不了。 (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.我本想告訴你這件事，但我忘掉了。：(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+過去完成時(倒裝形式)+when +過去時例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.我一到達就有新問題要處理。(2) no sooner+過去完成時(倒裝形式)+than +過去時。例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.這話剛說出口，他就意識到他本該保持沉默的。(3)by(the end of )+過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多張外國郵票一、概況一般時進行時完成時完成進行時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時一般將來時將來進行時將來完成時將來完成進行時一般過去將來時過去將來進行時過去將來完成時過去將來完成進行時