【正文】 reaucratic elites deny there is anything basically wrong and run the country as a pension state focused on an aging population. Problems are described as isolated , and solutions take an inordinate amount of time. Seven years into a severe banking crisis, Tokyo is just now passing legislation to create a Resolution Trust unit. Meanwhile, theunemployment rate soars to new records. Among men, who constitute most of thelabor force , it hit % in May, It is worse for the young. The jobless ratefor men 15 to 24 years old rose to %Foreign investment should be pouring in to reinvigorate growth, but little is allowed. Mergers and acquisitions should be consolidating panies, but few are permitted. Immigrants should be arriving to give new life to society and support the elderly, but they are forbidden. Outside CEOs should be taking over failing corporations, but is not accepted. As much as China is invigorated, Japan is stultified. The contrast is startling.SOUTHESAT ASIA is in agogogohed back into poverty. Depression is looming. Indonesia is deindustrializing, with people leaving cities to return to villages. Chinese merchants are fleeing(up to 100,000 have left). Overseas Chinese capital that funded much of Southeast Asia’s past three decated of growth is drying up. AGREEMENT.The Framework Agreement is made up of six parts that lay out the basic parameters of the GATS. The six parts deal with(1) the scope and definition of GATS,(2)general obligations, and disciplines of member states, (3)obligations and disciplines concerning specific mitments of member states,(4)a schedule for progressively liberalizating the world’s trade in services, (5)the institutional structure for implementing the GATS , and (6)miscellaneous provisions.While much of the GATS is based on the provisions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and uses much of the same terminology, the “architecture” of the Agreement is significantly different. Unlike GATT, which provides for asingle set of the obligation that apply to all measures affecting trade in goods, the GATS contains two sets of obligations (1)a set of general principles and rules that apply to all measures affecting trade in services and (2)a set of principles and rules that apply only to specific sectors and subsectors listed in a member state’s Schedule. The consequence of this division of obligation is that the principles and rules in the GATS, as we shall see, are less “binding” than those in the GATT.3. PURPOSES OF TAXATIONTaxation schemes are usually created for three basic purposes: (1) to raise revenue for government。 (2)to encourage, regulate, or restrict local or foreign investment。 and (3)to protect consumers or local producers.The rationale most monly used for adopting or changing a particular tax scheme is to improve revenues. For example, the multinational oil panies that discovered and developed the petroleum industry in the Middle East encouraged the local governments to impose a corporate ine tax. Although this seems irrational at first blush, it was a sound financial move. The countries, rather than taking a percentage royalty on profits (which was the arrangement originally agreed to), imposed an ine tax on profits at a slightly higher percentage. The result was an increase in ine for both the panies and the countries. This was because the panies could use the taxes they paid to the Middle East countries to offset the taxes they paid to their homecountry governments.(Royalties, by contrast, cannotin most countriesbe used to offset corporate ine taxes.) This meant that the panies paid fewer taxes at home and, even though they were paying more to the host countries, their aftertax profits were large. A second example is the valueadded tax (VAT), which generally produces greater revenues than a sales tax. In the last thirty years, some forty countries have switched to, or adopted directly, a VAT.By contrast, the most difficult tax scheme for governments to alter is one that protects local products. Producers are monly able to lobby the governmentto maintain a particular scheme, even though it may run contrary to other governmental objectives. However, the protection of local producers is not necessarily a frivolous rational for a tax scheme, even in times of increased international trade.4. PAYMENT TERMSUnless otherwise agreed in writing, or implied from a prior course of dealing between the parties, payment of the price and of any other sums due by the Buyer to the Seller shall be on open account and time of payment shall be 30 daysfrom the date of invoice. The amount due shall be transferred, unless otherwise agreed, by teletransmission to the Seller’s bank in the Seller’s country for the account of the Seller and the Buyer shall be deemed to have performed his payment obligations when the respective sums due have been received by the Seller’s bank in immediately available funds.If the parties have agreed on payment in advance, without further indication, it will be assumed that such advance payment, unless otherwise agreed, refers to the full price, and that the advance payment must be received by the Seller’s bank in immediately available funds at least 30 days before the agreed date of delivery or the earliest date within the agreed delivery period. If advance payment has been agreed only for a part of the contract price, the payment conditions of the remaining amount will be determined according to the rules set forth in this article. 5. TYPES OF DIVIDENDSCash Dividends. The most customary type of dividend is the cash dividend declared and paid at regular intervals depending in amount upon the policy of the board of directors and earnings of the enterprise. References to “regular” dividends in a charter or contract are considered as refer