【正文】 tions, research suggests that 60% of plant species were experiencingcontractinghabitats, while only 21% showed some movement north. Clark says Manymodelshave suggested that trees will migrate rapidly to higherlatitudesand elevations in response to warming temperatures, but evidence for a consistent, climatedriven northward migration is essentially absent in this largeanalysis. It may be too soon to tell whether Clark39。s findings are unique to forests in the eastern US, or if tree species across the planet will find climate change similarly difficult tocope with. There was once some cold fort in the notion that despite the nefarious (極壞的) effects of global warming on Earth39。s delicate ecosystems, plant life was capable of adapting via migration. Unfortunately, in lieu (代替) of evidence to the contrary, we can now count forests among the likely casualties of a warming world.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank before the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.文章大意：人們一般認(rèn)為隨著年齡的增長，身體不可避免地變得越來越差。但是直到最近也沒有找到具有說服力的證據(jù)。最近，一系列新的研究顯示充足的運動可以增進(jìn)老年人的身體健康。其中的一項研究以四十位年齡在4070歲以上跑步運動員，自行車運動員和游泳運動員為調(diào)查對象。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡的增加并沒有給他們帶來體質(zhì)的下降。據(jù)此，研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人做適當(dāng)?shù)倪\動對于健康是非常有幫助的。 Is physical frailty (虛弱) inevitable as we grow older? Until recently, the evidence was discouraging. A large number of studies in the past few years showed that after age 40, people typically lose 8% or more of their muscle mass each decade, a process that acceleratessignificantlyafter age 70. Less muscle mass generally means less strength,mobilityand independence among the elderly. However, a growing body of newer science suggests that such decline may be changed. Exercise, the thinking goes, and you might be able to rewrite the future for your muscles. Consider the results of a stirring study published last month in the journalThe Physician and Sportsmedicine. For it, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh recruited 40 petitive runners, cyclists and swimmers. Theyrangedin age from 40 to 81, with five men and five women representing each of four age groups: 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70plus. They pleted questionnaires detailing their health and weekly physical activities. Then the researchers measured their muscle mass, leg strength and body position, determining how much of their body and, morespecifically, their muscle tissue was posed of fat. Other studies have found that as people age, they not only lose muscle, but the tissue that remains can bee infiltrated (滲透) with fat, degrading its quality and reducing its strength. There was little evidence ofdeteriorationin the older athletes’ musculature (肌肉組織), however. The athletes in their 70s and 80s had almost as much thigh muscle mass as the athletes in their 40s. There was, as scientists noted, a dropoff in leg muscle strength around age 60 in both men and women. They weren39。t as strong as the 50yearolds, but little additional decline followed. The 70 and 80yearold athletes were about as strong as those in their 60s. We think these are veryencouragingresults, said Dr. Vonda Wright, a surgeon and founder of the Performance and Research Initiative, whooversawthe study. They suggest strongly that people don39。t have to lose muscle mass and function as they grow older. The changes that we39。ve assumed were due to aging and therefore wereunstoppableseem actually to be caused by inactivity. And that can be changed. What we can say withcertaintyis that any activity is better than none, Dr. Wright says, and more is probably better than less. But the bigger message is that it looks as if how we age can be under our control. Through exercise, you can preserve muscle mass and strength and avoid the decline fromvitalityto frailty.A) assumedB) encouragingC) certaintyD) rangedE) specificallyF) vitalityG) oversawH) surveyedI) mobilityJ) significantlyK) unstoppableL) saddeningM) deteriorationN) exceptionalO) evidentSection BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter.Shopping by Smartphone This Holiday SeasonA) As shoppers gear up for another mad holiday scramble, smartphones and tablet puters are emerging as Santa39。s electronic helpers. Stuck in a challenging economy and facing continued high rates of unemployment, consumers are increasingly finding that their mobile devices can e in handy. With a gadget in hand, shoppers can pare prices, research gift ideas, and watch for special deals. Often, they do it right in the store aisle.B) Retailers are catching on—just in time for the holiday season of the year. Once content to simply sell these electronic devices, merchants and mall operators are now recognizing the increasingly important role phones and tablets are playing for shoppers and are eager to tap into this electronic path to consumers39。 wallets. In addition to heavy promotions and the extension of store hours, many chains are rolling out shopping application softwares (apps), mobileoptimized websites and social media pages.C) About one in four smartphone owners plan to use a mobile device for holiday shopping, according to an annual holiday survey by Deloitte. Of those, 59% will use their phones to pare or check prices and 46% plan to use them to check product availability. Social media, such as Facebook, will also be popular with shoppers, with 44% of th