【正文】 ive books典型例題1 Mr Smith owns ______ collection of coins than anyone else I have met A larger B a larger C the larger D a large2 I was riding along the street and all of a sudden a car cut in and knocked me down 梇ou can never be ______ careful in the street A much B very C so D too3 Im very _____ with my own cooking It looks nice and smells delicious 桵m it does have a _____ smell A pleasant pleased B pleased pleased C pleasant pleasant D pleased pleasant4 Four of Robertos children were at the party including ______ Luke A the oldest B an oldest one C the old D an old one5 According to the recent survey cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults in this area ___ women A clearly B especially C exactly D probably6 After three days careful treatment the old man was _____ to go home A enough good B good enough C well enough D enough well7 The price of this puter is the ____ of the three A smallest B biggest C highest D tallest8 Beijing the capital of China is one of ____ cities in the world A the biggest B bigger C much bigger D big9 You may be _____ if you have a ____ problem A exciting excited B excited exciting C worrying worried D worried worrying10 The _____ house seems as if it hasnt been lived for years A little white wooden B little wooden white C white wooden little D wooden white little第6講 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一動詞時態(tài)現(xiàn)代英語語法將傳統(tǒng)語法所說的時態(tài)Tense分成了兩部分即時Tense和體Aspect時是指謂語動詞發(fā)生或存在于不同時間的變化形式而體則指動作進行或過程處于什么狀態(tài)的變化形式初高中銜接相關(guān)知識對于動詞時態(tài)這部分內(nèi)容學(xué)生在初中階段應(yīng)主要掌握一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般將來時一般過去時等的運用在高中的學(xué)習中在此基礎(chǔ)之上還要掌握過去完成進行時和將來進行時等知識其考查的題型多以選擇題完成句子完形填空以及書面表達的形式出現(xiàn)在高考中的比值較重英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)其中常用的有8種它們是一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去進行時過去完成時和過去將來時1一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用　 時間狀語 every sometimes　at on Sunday　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning2 客觀真理客觀存在科學(xué)事實　 The earth moves around the sun　 Shanghai lies in the east of China3 表示格言或警句中　 Pride goes before a fall注意此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中即使主句是過去時從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時例Columbus proved that the earth is round4 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)能力性格個性　 I dont want so much5 某些動詞如 e go move stop leave arrive be finish continue start 等在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作 The train es at 3 oclock 6 在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 　　 Ill help you as soon as you have problem 　　 Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him 2一般過去時的用法 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞詞組或從句如 yesterday the day before last last week two days ago 等上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語I worked in that factory last year注意1 過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作也可用used to或would加動詞原形來表達例如 I used to go fishing on Sundays 2 used to也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)例如 This river used to be clean3一般將來時的用法1表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)例如I shall attend the meeting tomorrow2表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)例如He will go to see his mother every Saturdays　 3表示將來的意愿決心許諾 命令等時常用will征求對方意見主語是第一人稱時常用shall　　 I will do my best to catch up with them 　　 Shall I open the door4be going 動詞不定式也是一種將來時句型表示打算計劃最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?　　 I am going to Beijing next week 5be 動詞不定式表示有職責義務(wù)可能約定意圖等 　　 There is to be a meeting this afternoon 　　 We are to meet the guests at the station 6be about 動詞不定式表示馬上很快作某事They are about to leave4現(xiàn)在進行時的用法 　1 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作而不管動作從什么時間開始到什么時間結(jié)束 　　 What are you doing now I am looking for my key 　2 現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作但說話時這個動作不一定在進行 　　 The students are preparing for the examination 3 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作這些動詞有 arrive e leave start等 　　 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow 注意有些動詞一般不可以用于進行時態(tài)表示狀態(tài)的動詞尤其是靜態(tài)動詞如be have表示認識知覺和情感的動詞如know think hear find see like want wish prefer等5現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1 現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作 　　 I have bought a tenspeed bicycle 　　 They have cleaned the classroom 2 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時常與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用 　　 We have lived here since 1976 　　 They have waited for more than two hours 注意一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情強調(diào)動作現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響強調(diào)的是影響一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用試比較I saw this film yesterday強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了不涉及現(xiàn)在I have seen this film 強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了6過去進行時的用法 表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作例如I was watching TV when she came to see me注意過去進行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情但過去進行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進行而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實例如They were building a house last month 上個月正在建造建造好與否不知They built a new house last month 上個月建造好了動作已經(jīng)完成7過去完成時的用法 過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)過去完成時常和 by before 等詞組成的短語和從句連用 　　We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year 　　When we arrived at the station they had waited for more than twenty minutes 8過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中例如They were going to have a meetingI told him that I would see him off at the stationEg He hoped that his pictures would be exhibited before longThey announced that a new hotel was going to be rebuilt the next year將來一般將來時 shallwill be done 或 be going to be doneEg All the work will be done by handI shall be sent to work in LondonThe meeting is going to be held as planned帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞 be done eg The environment should be improved二被動語態(tài)句式肯定主語be過去分詞 by The cars are made by them否定主語be not過去分詞 by The cars are not made by them一般疑問句Be主語過去分詞 by Are the cars made by them含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)主語情態(tài)動詞 not be 過去分詞 by 三被動語態(tài)的用法為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者eg Her bike is stolen Five people were hurt in the explosion淡化動作的執(zhí)行者沒有說明沒必要指出不知道Eg This coat is made of cotton 這件大衣是棉制的 The trees were blown down in the storm 在暴風雨中樹被刮倒了 The glass was broken last night動作的承受者是談話的中心 eg The picture was drawn by a boy under eight結(jié)構(gòu)的需要例如It is said thatIt is believed that等結(jié)構(gòu)中用被動語態(tài) Eg It was said that several people had