【正文】 ill Google Take Over the Desktop? IT Infrastructure: Computer Software Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software ? Read the Interactive Session and then discuss the following questions: ? What are the benefits of using Google Apps? What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit? What kinds are least likely to benefit? ? What reasons might a business have to continue using Microsoft Office for desktop productivity? ? Search the Web for an article titled Microsoft Office Live Vs. Google Apps For Your Domain by Preston Gralla from September 2022. Do you agree with the author’s conclusion? 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Web services: ? Software ponents that exchange information with each other using universal Web munication standards and languages ? XML (extensible markup language) ? SOAP (simple object access protocol) ? WSDL (web services description language) ? UDDI (universal description, discovery, and integration) ? Service oriented architecture (SOA) Web Services IT Infrastructure: Computer Software Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall How Dollar RentaCar Uses Web Services IT Infrastructure: Computer Software Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software Figure 49 Dollar RentACar uses Web services to provide a standard intermediate layer of software to ―talk‖ to other panies’ information systems. Dollar RentACar can use this set of Web services to link to other panies’ information systems without having to build a separate link to each firm’s systems. 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 什么是 Web Service? 通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 Web 協(xié)議（ HTTP）可編程訪問(wèn)的 WEB組件 開(kāi)放的 Inter 傳輸協(xié)議 XML Web service SOAP ? SOAP （簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)象訪問(wèn)協(xié)議） –實(shí)現(xiàn) Web service 通信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議 WSDL XML Web services Description Language ? WSDL – 描述 Web service 的語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，相當(dāng)于訪問(wèn) Web service 的接口 ? 基于開(kāi)放的 Inter 協(xié)議 XML and HTTP UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration ? UDDI Web service 的黃頁(yè) 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Web Services model Service registry Service provider Service requestor Find WSDL UDDI WSDL SOAP WSDL UDDI 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Mashups: bined applications that depend on highspeed data works, universal munication standards, and opensource code ? Web mashups bine two or more online applications to create a new application or service that provides more value than the original pieces ? Google: an extreme example of distributed puting Software Trends: Mashups, Web , and Distributed Software Applications IT Infrastructure: Computer Software Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Mashup舉例： 天氣與人們的生活息息相關(guān)，該項(xiàng)目通過(guò) mashup技術(shù)融合了地圖和天氣信息，給用戶提供一種便捷的天氣查詢方式。項(xiàng)目結(jié)合了地圖的直觀性和天氣數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)性，用戶可以方便的點(diǎn)擊地圖上任何地點(diǎn)，獲取當(dāng)前的天氣狀況。 項(xiàng)目中的地圖采用的是 Google地圖中文版，天氣數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自國(guó)外的一個(gè)專業(yè)天氣預(yù)報(bào)站點(diǎn)（點(diǎn)獲取數(shù)據(jù)，然后利用 Google 地圖提供的 API將天氣信息呈現(xiàn)在地圖上，方便用戶直觀查看。 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Managing Hardware and Software Technology Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software ? Capacity planning ? Process of predicting when hardware system bees saturated ? Ensuring firm has enough puting power for current and future needs ? Factors include: ? Maximum number of users ? Impact of current, future software ? Performance measures ? Scalability: Ability of system to expand to serve large number of users without breaking down 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Managing Hardware and Software Technology Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software ? Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model ? Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology ? Direct costs: Hardware, software purchase costs ? Indirect costs: Ongoing administration costs, upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, utility and real estate costs ? Hidden costs: Support staff, downtime, additional work management ? TCO can be reduced through increased centralization, standardization of hardware and software resources 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Managing Hardware and Software Technology Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software ? Using technology service providers ? Outsourcing ? Using external provider to: ? Run works ? Host, manage Web site(s) ? Develop software (offshore software outsourcing) ? Manage IT infrastructures 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Managing Hardware and Software Technology Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 4 IT Infrastructure: Hardware and Software ? Using technology service providers ? Ondemand puting (utility puting) ? Firms offloading peak demand for puting power to remote, largescale data processing centers ? Application Service Provider （ ASP） ? Firms rent software functions from Webbased services, with users paying either on a subscription or pertransaction basis 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall