【正文】
provement。 ? The input is usually obtained through surveys or interviews. When the survey results show significant changes in participant behavior after training and no significant change in the general work climate, the improvement in work performance, therefore, must be attributed to the changes in supervisor behavior since other factors remained constant。 ? This approach has some disadvantages. Data from subordinates is subjective and may be questionable because of the possibility for biased input。 ? Often subordinates may have difficulty in determining changes in the work climate. However, in some cases, subordinates are aware of the factors that caused changes in their work unit and can provide input about the magnitude or quantity of changes. When bined with other methods to isolate impact, this process has increased credibility. Obtaining Input From a Target Group ? In some situations it could be feasible to calculate the impact of factors (other than the intervention) that influenced the improvement and then conclude that the intervention is credited with the remaining portion。 ? In terms of this approach, the intervention claims credit for improvement that cannot be attributed to other factors。 ? The method is appropriate when the other factors are easily identified and the appropriate mechanisms are in place to calculate their impact on the improvement。 ? The process can be very credible if the method used to isolate the impact of other factors is credible. Which Strategy? ? Control group feasibility。 ? Availability of historical data。 ? Expertise to conduct study。 ? Capability and willingness to estimate impact。 ? Can nontraining effects be isolated? ? What are the constraints in terms of using the data collection technique and isolation strategy. Credibility of Data is Influenced By: ? Reputation of the source of the data。 ? Reputation of the source of the study。 ? Motives of the researchers。 ? Personal bias of audience。 ? Methodology of the study。 ? Assumptions made in the analysis。 ? Realism of the oute data。 ? Type of data。 ? Scope of analysis.