【正文】 nertransport班輪運輸? featuresoflinersusuallyinclude:班輪運輸?shù)奶攸c? 　 ⑴ Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandparativelyfixedfreight.? ⑵ Thekindsandquantitiesofthegoodscarriedbythelinerareveryflexible,andthelinercanensuredeliveryquality.第一節(jié) 運輸方式 (Methodsofthedelivery)返回目錄⑶ Thecarrierisresponsibleforloadingandunloadingoperation,.,grossterm.?、?TheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingpanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.TherightsandobligationsofthecarrierandtheconsignorarebasedontheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingpany.返回目錄 (Thelinerfreight)ThelinerfreightischargedaccordingtoLiner’sFreightTariff.Thelinerfreightincludesbasicfreightandsurcharges.ThebasicfreightischargedaccordingtothestandardofLiner’sFreightTariff.Thebasicstandardsforcalculatingfreightarestipulatedasfollows:lGrossweight,.,weightton,whichindicatedby“ W” inthetariff.返回目錄? ⑴ Volume,.,measurementton,whichisindicatedby“M”inthetariff.? ⑵ Grossweightorvolumeweight,choosingthehigherratebetweenthetwo,whichisindicatedby“W/M”inthetariff.? ⑶ Thevalueofthecargo,.,acertainpercentageofFOBpricewhichisindicated“.”inthetariff.? ⑷ Grossweightorvolumeor.,.,choosingthehighestrateofthethree,whichisindicatedby“W/M”or“.返回目錄lGross weight or volume, and then plus a certain percentage of ., which is indicated by “ W/M ” plus“ . ” .lThe number of the cargo.lThe temporary agreement entered into between the ship owner and the consignor. The main surcharges are as followslExtra charges on heavy liftslExtra charges on over lengths返回目錄●AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort.●Additionalondirect? ? Theformulaofcalculatingthelinerfreightis:? F=Fb+∑s=fQ+f(s1+s2+……+sn)Q=fQ(1+s1+s2+……+sn)? Fb_______basicfreight? ∑s______surcharges? f_______therateofthebasicfreight? Q_______freightton? s__________therateofthesurcharge返回目錄 (二 ) Tramp(Shipping by chartering) 租船運輸 It means a freightcarrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings or port or freight. The shipper charters ship from the shipowner and uses it to carry the goods. It falls into 3 kinds: Charter:程租船運輸 It includes single voyage charter, return voyage charter, successive voyage charter and contract.返回目錄? Charter:期租 Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer? Charter:光船租船 Theshipowneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabareboat,thecharterershallemploythecrewbyhimself.返回目錄(三 )The differences between the tramp and time charter: 期租和程租船的區(qū)別 charter: the charterer charters the ship by the voyage。rTime charter: the charterer charters the ship by the time. Their contracts are also different. charter: The shipowner not only manages the ship but also is responsible for driving, sailing and transportation of the goods. 返回目錄? Timecharter:Theshipownerisresponsiblefortheship’smaintenance,repairandcrew’swages。buttransportationofthegoods,loadingandunloadingthegoodsarebornebythecharterer.? 3.Voyagecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtothequantitiesofthegoodsshippedandthecontractshallstipulatetimeofshipmentorrateofshipment。Timecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtotheperiodoftimeandthecontractdoesn’thavetostipulatetimeofshipment.返回目錄二、 RailwayTransport鐵路運輸１、 Railwaytransportathome。國內(nèi)鐵路運輸２、 Internationalrailwaythroughtransport:國際多式聯(lián)運 Thegoodsbelongtotheexportcountryshallbetransportedtotheplaceofdestinationwitharailwaybillofladingissuedattheplaceofdispatch.Duringthedelivery,therailwaydepartmentisresponsiblefortransportationandtheconsignorandconsigneedon’thavetocareforit.返回目錄? 三 、 AirTransport航空運輸? 1.ScheduledAirline? 2.CharteredCarrier? 3.Consolidation? 4.AirExpressservice? 四、 CombinedTransport聯(lián)合運輸? 返回目錄 第二節(jié) 裝運條款（ Shipment Clause）一、 Time of shipment: 裝運時間 (一 )Time of delivery and time of shipment 交貨時間和裝運期 (二 )Ways of stipulating the time of shipment 裝運時間的規(guī)定方法 the definite time of shipment。 規(guī)定具體明確的裝運時間 a fixed time。 規(guī)定在某一固定時間裝運 a fixed period of time。 規(guī)定在某一段時間內(nèi)裝運返回目錄thegoodsshallbeshippedwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C。規(guī)定在收到信用證后 30天內(nèi)裝運thegoodsshallbeshippedinthenearfuture.規(guī)定在近期裝運二、 Portofshipmentandportofdestination(裝運港和目的港）返回目錄? Ways of stipulating the port of shipment and destination only one port of shipment and one destination。 at least two ports of shipment and destination。 optional ports返回目錄三、 Partial shipment and transshipment(一 )Partial shipment: 分批裝運 It means the goods under the contract shall be shipped at different time or different lots.(二 )Transshipment: 裝運 When there is no direct liner to the destination or the voyage is too long, we should stipulate“ transshipment to be permitted” 。返回目錄? 　　　　 第三節(jié) ShippingDocument　運輸單據(jù)? ? 一、 Oceanbilloflading:(提單 )Itisareceiptfromtheshippingpany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.? (一 )RolesofB/L提單的作用? 　? ⑴ B/LisareceiptforthegoodsissuedbytheshipownerorhisagentevidencethereceiptofthegoodsmentionedintheB/L.? 　? ⑵ B/Lisadocumentoftitletothegoods.? 　? ⑶ B/Lisevidenceofthe16