環(huán)境生態(tài)學---第七章資源與循環(huán)-資料下載頁
2025-01-20 08:42本頁面
【正文】 urface of soil is a litter of dead or rotting plant parts, with one or more distinctly different layers underneath. These layers have e to be called ‘horizons’. Soil horizons form as rotting plant parts mix with the upper layers of the mineral soil. The subsoil underneath is the earth from which the soil was made and is called the parent material. This layered appearance is called the soil profile. Soil scientists recognize three kinds of soil horizon above the parent material。 the A, B and C horizons. Under these three groups of horizons is the unaltered parent material. These are known as R horizons. The soil profile is an instant indicator of important ecosystem processes. The soil profile 土壤剖面 土壤表面是死亡腐爛植物部分的枯枝落葉層，下面由完全不同的物質組成的一層或多層。這些層可叫做“層位”。土層的形成是由于腐爛植物與礦物質土壤的上層相混合。下面的亞土壤是土壤起始形成的地方，稱為母質。這種分層的外貌叫做土壤剖面。土壤科學家認為母質以上的土層有三類： A、 B和 C層。這三層之下是不變的母質。這些以 R層著稱。土壤剖面是重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)過程中一個即時指標。 土壤剖面 Related topics Succession (R1) Ecosystem patterns (S1) On a world scale, the great soil groups are the most easily mapped of any class in a soil classification. Color and banding of the soil profile distinguish the great soil groups. World soil maps represent a rough plot of the great soil groups and are very similar to maps of climate or vegetation. Soil surveyors map soils on the scale of farm fields or parts of counties. Usually only one of the great soil groups will be present. The units used, ‘soil series’, are a group of soils developed from the same kind of parent material, by the same generic bination of processes, and whose horizons are quite similar in their arrangement and general characteristics. Primary classification: the great soil groups 主要分類： 大土壤群 在全球范圍上，大土壤群在土壤分類中是最容易制圖劃分的。土壤剖面的顏色和條帶用來區(qū)分大土壤群。全球土壤圖表示了一個粗略的大土壤群圖，與氣候和植被圖很相似。土壤勘測員是以農田或郡縣部分為尺度來繪制土壤圖。通常只有大土壤群之一會存在。所使用的單位“土系”，是指從相同類型的母質，通過相同類型的結合過程而發(fā)展起來的一類土壤，它們的土層在它們的排列和一般特性上是完全相似的。 相關主題 演替（ R1） 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)格局（ S1）
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