【正文】 ery beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable acpaniment。 when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were acpanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music playedbore no special relationship to the films。 an acpaniment of any kind was sufficient.Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film. As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement as normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing panies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical acpaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as pleasant39。, sad, lively. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions toshow where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially posed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that posed and arranged for D. W. Griffith39。s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.11. The passage mainly discusses music that was(A) performed before the showing of a film(B) played during silent films(C) specifically posed for certain movie theaters(D) recorded during film exhibitions12. What can be inferred that the passage about the majority of films made after 1927 (A) They were truly silent.(B) They were acpanied by symphonic orchestras. (C) They incorporated the sound of the actors39。 voices.(D) They corresponded to specific musical positions.13. The word solemn in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) simple (B) serious (C) short (D) silent14. It can be inferred that orchestra conductors who worked in movie theaters needed to(A) be able to play many instruments(B) have pleasant voices(C) be familiar with a wide variety of music(D) be able to pose original music15. The word them in line 17 refers to(A) years (B) hands (C) pieces (D) films16. According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company? (A) It produced electricity.(B) It distributed films.(C) It published musical arrangements. (D) It made musical instruments.17. It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared around(A) 1896 (B) 1909 (C) 1915 (D) 192718. Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early190039。s?(A) Calm, peaceful (B) Piano, violin(C) Key of C major(D) Directed by D. W. Griffith19. The word posed in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) selected (B) bined (C) played(D) created20. The word scores in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical positions(D) groups of musicians21. The passage probably continues with a discussion of(A) famous posers of the early twentieth century(B) other films directed by D. W. Griffith(C) silent films by other directors(D) the music in Birth of a NationQuestions 2231The Earth prises three principal layers: the dense, ironrich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solidsurface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth39。s surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean flow are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth39。s crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and bee flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American andAfroEuropean plates move in opposite directions. At the same time at margins of converging plates, the oceanic crust is being reabsorbed by being subducted into the mantle and remelted beneath the ocean trenches. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue tofloat and therefore buckle to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.22. The word prises in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) adapts to(B) benefits from (C) consists of (D) focuses on23