【導(dǎo)讀】IBT閱讀中的表格題是新題型，同時(shí)在IBT聽力部分也出現(xiàn)了。既包括了對(duì)全文重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的發(fā)問又包括了對(duì)全文主題和結(jié)論發(fā)問。在IBT閱讀的3篇文章中有兩個(gè)此類問題，且通常是文章最后一。道題目，為2分。對(duì)照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。一種是針對(duì)全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)支持段落的概述三部分組成。我們來看一個(gè)例子，

　　

【正文】 faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, [d?i39。br?:lt?] 直布羅陀 where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded [k230。s39。keid 串聯(lián)的 spectacularly back into the Mediterranean. Turbulent [39。t?:bjul?nt]騷亂的，狂亂的 waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normal marine anisms returned. Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer. 時(shí)間明確地闡明了一個(gè)假設(shè)。調(diào)查者們構(gòu)思了這樣的理論：大約 2020 萬年前，地中海是一條寬闊的航道，它通過兩條狹窄的海峽與大西洋連接。地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)封閉了海峽，被陸地包圍的地中海也開始蒸發(fā)。由蒸發(fā)引起的越來越高的鹽度造成無脊椎動(dòng)物種類的滅絕 。只有一些能抵抗高鹽度條件的物種保留下來。隨著蒸發(fā)的繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，鹽水濃度太高以致硬地層的硫酸鈣發(fā)生沉淀。在盆地的中間深處，剩余鹽水的持續(xù)蒸發(fā)形成更多的可溶的氯化鈉（鹽）。后來，在上層沉淀物的重壓下，鹽向上形成了含鹽的圓頂。然而在這之前，地中海是一個(gè) 3000 米深的大沙漠。然后， 550 萬年前發(fā)生了洪水。作為地殼調(diào)整和斷層作用的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在連接地中海和大西洋的直布羅陀海峽打開了，水流像瀑布一樣壯觀地涌回地中海。湍急的水流沖擊并摧毀了堅(jiān)硬的含鹽層，使把它們磨成了 Challenger 號(hào)獲得的第一份樣品中所觀察到的鵝卵石。 隨著盆地的填充，普通的海洋生物又回來了。不久后海洋軟泥層開始在老的硬地層上堆積。 、 The salt and gypsum, the faunal changes, and the unusual gravel provided abundant evidence that the Mediterranean was once a desert. 鹽、石膏、動(dòng)物區(qū)系的變更，還有不尋常的沙礫層都為地中海曾經(jīng)是塊沙漠的理論提供了充分的證據(jù)。 gypsum: a mineral made of calcium sulfate 硫酸鹽 and water 13． Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong 8 in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. An expedition to the Mediterranean answered some longstanding questions about the ocean’s history. ○ ○ ○ Answer choices 1. The Glomar Challenger expedition investigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features. 2. Researchers collected fossils to determine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species. 3. Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger were the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath the seafloor. 4. Samples recovered from the expedition revealed important differences in chemical position and fossil distribution among the sediment layers. 5. Evidence collected by the Glomar Challenger supports geologists39。 beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporated and bee a desert, before it refilled with water. 6. Mediterranean salt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water. Ancient Rome and Greece There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, anizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the work of military ?garrisons 要塞 , which were stationed in every province, and the work of stonebuilt roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The anizational bonds were based on the mon principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced mon standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed. 古代羅馬和希臘 羅馬具有一種希臘和其他任何不論是古代還是現(xiàn)在文明都不具備的凝聚力。羅馬墻上的石塊 是靠設(shè)計(jì)的規(guī)整和特別有力的粘合劑而被固定在一起，與此相同羅馬帝國的各個(gè)部分也因物理的、組織的和精神的束縛而組成了一個(gè)堅(jiān)若磐石的整體。物理的束縛包括駐扎在每個(gè)省的戍衛(wèi)軍組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和聯(lián)通每個(gè)省與羅馬的、用石頭鋪成的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。組織上的羈絆則基于法律和行政的一般原則，以及遍布各地、統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)的軍政府。精神上的控制則建立在恐懼和懲罰上 ——毫無疑問的是任何人，或任何事，只要威脅到羅馬的權(quán)威，都終將被摧毀。 The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome‘s early development. Whereas Greece had grown from scores of scattered cities, Rome grew from one single anism. While the Greek world had expanded along the Mediterranean seas lanes, the Roman world was assembled by territorial conquest. Of course, the contrast is not quite so stark: in Alexander the Great the Greeks had found the greatest territorial conqueror of all time。 and the Romans, once they moved outside Italy, did not fail to learn the lessons of sea power. Yet the essential difference is undeniable. The Key to the Greek world lay in its highpowered ships。 the key to Roman power lay in its marching legions. The Greeks were wedded to the sea。 the Romans, to the land. The Greek was a sailor at heart。 the Roman, a landsman. 羅馬人對(duì)統(tǒng)一和團(tuán)結(jié)的執(zhí)著可能源自于羅馬早期的發(fā)展模式。希臘是從二十幾個(gè)分散的城邦發(fā)展而來，然而羅馬則是從單個(gè)組織發(fā)展而來。希臘沿著地中海擴(kuò)張，然而羅馬帝國則通過領(lǐng)土的占領(lǐng)而壯大。當(dāng)然，他們的對(duì)比也不是那么的絕對(duì)：在亞歷山大大帝時(shí)期，希臘找到了他們整個(gè)歷史中最大的領(lǐng)地征服者；羅馬人雖曾一度遷 9 移到意大利之外，但他們卻沒有荒廢海洋的力量。然而，他們之間本質(zhì)的區(qū)別是不容否認(rèn)的。希臘世界的關(guān)鍵是強(qiáng)大的船隊(duì)，而羅馬帝國的關(guān)鍵則是他們行進(jìn)的部隊(duì)。希臘人死守著海洋，羅馬人則死守著土地。希臘人是天生的水手，羅馬人則是陸上強(qiáng)兵 。 Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the anization, exploitation, and defense of their territory. In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a landbased society. From this arose the Roman genius for military anization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders 產(chǎn)生 , fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order. 毫無疑問的是，為了解釋羅馬現(xiàn)象，人們應(yīng)該極大的強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的幾乎是本能的領(lǐng)土觀念。羅馬人的天性就在于對(duì)領(lǐng)土的組織、擴(kuò)張和防御。完全也可能是 Latium平原 ——拉丁人最初建立羅馬的地方，早就 了羅馬人陸地定居、陸地財(cái)產(chǎn)、陸地經(jīng)濟(jì)、陸地行政以及以陸地基礎(chǔ)社會(huì)的性格和技巧。在此基礎(chǔ)上也產(chǎn)生了羅馬人的軍事組織和政府管理的才能。反過來，對(duì)土地以及穩(wěn)定鄉(xiāng)村生活的深深的依戀孕育了羅馬人的品格： gravitas，一種責(zé)任