【正文】 7. The word it in line 11 refers to C(A) top(B) tree(C) water(D) cohesiontension theory.8. The word there in line 10 refers to A(A) treetops(B) roots(C) water columns(D) tubes9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant? D(A) Humidity(B) Plant growth(C) Root pressure(D) Evaporation10. The word extend in line 13 is closest in meaning to A(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate11. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns? B(A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.(B) The attraction between water molecules in strong.(C) The living cells of plants push the water molecules together.(D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.12. Why does the author mention” steel wire” in line 17? D(A) To illustrate another means of pulling water(B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material (C) To indicate the size of a column of water(D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water13. Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure? C(A) Lines 23(B) Lines 35(C) Lines 67(D) Lines 89Question 1422 Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, muter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district。 by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still mute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of muting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied。 there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middleclass inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.14. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? D(A) Types of mass transportation.(B) Instability of urban life.(C) How supply and demand determine land use.(D) The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.15. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT D(A) growth in city area(B) separation of mercial and residential districts.(C) Changes in life in the inner city.(D) Increasing standards of living.16. The word vast in line 3 is closest in meaning to A(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban17. The word sparked in line 8 is closest in meaning to A(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed18. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? B(A) To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.(B) To show that mass transit changed many cities.(C) To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.(D) To contrast their rates of growth19. The word potential in line 13 is closest in meaning to D(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible20. The word many in line 15 refers to B(A) people(B) lots(C) years(D) developers21. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? C(A) It was expensive.(B) It happened too slowly.(C) It was unplanned.(D) It created a demand for public transportation.22. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city D(A) that is large(B) that is used as a model for land development(C) where land development exceeded population growth(D) with an excellent mass transportation system.Question 2333 The preservation of embryos and juveniles is rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack if swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have bee a treasury of wellpreserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousand