【正文】 es, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect success in hunt or battle, the ing rain, the revival of the Sun as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theater39。s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds. 31. What does the passage many discuss? (A) The origins of theater (B) The role of ritual in modern dance (C) The importance of storytelling (D) The variety of early religious activities. 32. The word they in line 4 refers to (A) seasonal changes (B) natural forces (C) theories (D) human beings 33. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph? (A) The reason drams is often unpredictable (B) The seasons in which dramas were performed (C) The connection between myths and dramatic plots (D) The importance of costumes in early drama TOEFL9505閱讀真題 11 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a mon element of theater and ritual? (A) Dance (B) Costumes (C) Music (D) Magic 35. The word considerable in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) thoughtful (B) substantial (C) relational (D) ceremonial 36. The word enactment in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) establishment (B) performance (C) authorization (D) season 37. The word they in line 14 refers to (A) mistakes (B) costumes (C) animals (D) performers 38. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama? (A) Ritual uses music whereas drama does not. (B) Ritual is shorter than drama. (C) Ritual requires fewer performers than drama. (D) Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not. 39. The passage supports which of the following statements? (A) No one really knows how the theater began (B) Myths are no longer represented dramatically. (C) Storytelling is an important part of dance (D) Dramatic activities require the use of costumes. 40. Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the audience? (A) Lines 710 (B) Lines 1214 (C) Lines 1819 (D) Lines 2123 TOEFL9505閱讀真題 12 be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil government also had to be put back on a peacetime basis and interference from the military had to be stopped. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to peacetime conditions, factories had to be retooled for civilian needs. Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt had shot up from a modest $65 million in 1861, the year the ear started to nearly $3 billion in 1865, the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one that a prudent government could pay. At the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to less burdensome levels. Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and border states, had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately pleted, but with discouraging slowness. Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of the four million black people who were freed from slavery? On what basis were the Southern states to be brought back into the Union? What of the Southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason? One of these leaders, Jefferson Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy, was the subject of an insulting popular Northern song, Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple Tree. And even children sang it. Davis was temporarily chained in his prison cell during the early days of his twoyear imprisonment. But he and the other Southern leaders were finally released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson in 1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts proceed with as little bitterness as possible. 41. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Wartime expenditures (B) Problems facing the United States after the war (C) Methods of repairing the damage caused by the war (D) The results of government efforts to revive the economy 42. The word Staggering in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) specialized (B) confusing (C) various (D) overwhelming 43. The word devastated in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) developing (B) ruined (C) plicated (D) fragile TOEFL9505閱讀真題 13 44. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the damage in the South is correct? (A) It was worse than in the North. (B) The cost was less than expected (C) It was centered in the border states. (D) It was remedied rather quickly. 45. The passage refers to all of the following as necessary steps following the Civil War EXCEPT (A) helping soldiers readjust (B) restructuring industry (C) returning government to normal (D) increasing taxes 46. The word task in line 13 refers to (A) rais