【正文】 1997 年 11月間臺灣憑借模具產(chǎn)業(yè)的實力，獲得世界模具協(xié)會（ ISTMA）認(rèn)同獲準(zhǔn)入會，正式成為世界模具協(xié)會會 5 員。整體而言，臺灣模具產(chǎn)業(yè)在這一階段的發(fā)展，隨著機械性能，加工技術(shù)，檢測能力的提升，以及計算機輔助設(shè)計，臺灣模具廠商供應(yīng)對象已由傳統(tǒng)的民用家電，五金業(yè)和汽機車運輸工具業(yè)，提升到計算機與電子，通信與光電等精密模具，并發(fā)展出汽機車用大型鈑金沖壓，大型塑料射出及精密鍛造等模具。 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代開始，發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家的模具工業(yè)已從機床工業(yè)中分離出來，并發(fā)展成為獨立的工業(yè)部門，其產(chǎn)值已超過機床工業(yè)的產(chǎn)值。改革開放以來，我國的模具工業(yè)發(fā)展也十分迅速。近年來，每年都以 15％的增長速度快速發(fā)展。許多模具企業(yè)十分重視技術(shù)發(fā)展。加大了用于技術(shù)進步的投入力度，將技術(shù)進步作為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要動力。此外，許多科研機構(gòu)和大專院校也開展了模具技術(shù)的研究與開發(fā)。模具行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展是使我國成為世界超級制造大國的重要原因。今后，我國要發(fā)展成為世界制造強國，仍將依賴于模具工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，成為模具制造強國。 中國塑料模 工業(yè)從起步到現(xiàn)在，歷經(jīng)了半個多世紀(jì)，有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。在大型模具方面已能生產(chǎn) 48（約 122CM）大屏幕彩電塑殼注射模具， 大容量洗衣機全套塑料模具以及汽車保險杠和整體儀表板等塑料模具，精密塑料模方面，以能生產(chǎn)照相機塑料件模具，多形腔小模數(shù)齒輪模具及塑封模具。經(jīng)過多年的努力，在模具 CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)，模具的電加工和數(shù)控加工技術(shù)，快速成型與快速制模技術(shù)，新型模具材料等方面取得了顯著進步；在提高模具質(zhì)量和縮短模具設(shè)計制造周期等方面作出了貢獻(xiàn)。 盡管我國模具工業(yè)有了長足的進步，部 分模具已達(dá)到國際先進水平，但無論是數(shù)量還是質(zhì)量仍滿足不了國內(nèi)市場的需要，每年仍需進口 10 多億美元的各類大型，精密，復(fù)雜模具。與發(fā)達(dá)國家的模具工業(yè)相比，在模具技術(shù)上仍有不小的差距。今后，我國模具行業(yè)應(yīng)在以下幾方面進行不斷的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，以縮小與國際先進水平的距離。 （ 1）注重開發(fā)大型，精密，復(fù)雜模具；隨著我國轎車，家電等工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，成型零件的大型化和精密化要求越來越高，模具也將日趨大型化和精密化。 （ 2）加強模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用；使用模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件不但能縮短模具制造周期，降低模具制造成本而且能提高模具的制造質(zhì)量。因此 ，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用必將日漸廣泛。 （ 3）推廣 CAD/CAM/CAE 技術(shù)；模具 CAD/CAM/CAE 技術(shù)是模具技術(shù)發(fā)展的 6 一個重要里程碑。實踐證明，模具 CAD/CAM/CAE 技術(shù)是模具設(shè)計制造的發(fā)展方向，可顯著地提高模具設(shè)計制造水平。 （ 4）重視快速模具制造技術(shù)，縮短模具制造周期；隨著先進制造技術(shù)的不斷出現(xiàn)，模具的制造水平也在不斷地提高，基于快速成形的快速制模技術(shù)，高速銑削加工技術(shù)，以及自動研磨拋光技術(shù)將在模具制造中獲得更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。 致 謝 經(jīng) 過三個月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計忙碌之后，設(shè)計最終完成，心理有一種說不出的輕松，設(shè)計過程中遇到許多的問題，在常老師和同學(xué)的幫助下予以解決。首先要感謝伍超老師對我的指導(dǎo)和督促，伍老師給我指出了正確的設(shè)計方向，使我加深了對知識的理解 ,同時也避免了在設(shè)計過程中少走彎路，伍老師的督促使我一直把畢業(yè)設(shè)計放在心理，保證按質(zhì)按量的完成；要感謝同小組同學(xué)，是大家營造了良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，在做設(shè)計的過程中互幫互助，使我的 CAD 操作水平比以前有了很大提高，同時較全面的掌握了 Word的編輯功能。 大專生活至此劃上了圓滿的句號，在南京技師學(xué)院這塊土 地上有眾多莘莘學(xué)子辛勤的耕耘，在這塊土地上我健康快樂的成長，我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記可親的同學(xué)，我永遠(yuǎn)記得這片土地。 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there m Cay man Islandsbased Webb, the Watch head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正 地非做不可？ During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。 Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。 Then in high school, think don39。t want to give vent to out your inner