【正文】 學(xué)研究 ? Computerized landslide terrain analysis 計(jì)算機(jī)化的山體滑坡地形分析 ? Instrumentation 儀器使用 Data presentation 數(shù)據(jù)介紹 Methods to be considered. 應(yīng)該考慮的方法 ?Maps 地圖 ?Landslide inventories, landslide possibility maps, flood hazard maps山體滑坡記錄、山體滑坡可能性地圖、洪水致災(zāi)因子地圖 ?Cross sections 橫截面 ?GIS and Remote Sensing 地理信息系統(tǒng)和遙感 ?Participatory Risk Assessment (PRA)參與式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 Participatory Risk Assessment Tools 參與式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具 Review of secondary data, particularly regional/provincial information related to hazards, risks, vulnerabilities and capacities 檢查次要數(shù)據(jù)，尤其與致災(zāi)因子、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、易損性和能力有關(guān)的地區(qū) /省的信息 Historical Profile Mapping Transect 歷史簡(jiǎn)介 繪圖 橫端面 Seasonal Calendar 季節(jié)日歷 Institutional and Social Network Analysis 機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析 Health and Nutritional Assessment 衛(wèi)生和營(yíng)養(yǎng)評(píng)估 Livelihoods/coping analysis 生計(jì) /應(yīng)對(duì)分析 Problem Tree 問(wèn)題樹 Ranking 排序 HVCA 致災(zāi)因子 /易損性 /能力評(píng)估 General Information on munity level 社區(qū)的一般信息 Specific Information at munity, household and individual level 社區(qū)、家庭和個(gè)人的特殊信息 Sequence of Tools in Time 工具的時(shí)間序列 Participatory Risk Assessment Tools 參與式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具 ? REVIEW OF SECONDARY DATA 次要數(shù)據(jù)回顧 ? DIRECT OBSERVATION 直接觀察 ? SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEW 半結(jié)構(gòu)性采訪 ? HISTORICAL PROFILE 歷史簡(jiǎn)介 ? MAPPING 繪圖 ? TRANSECT 橫斷面 ? SEASONAL CALENDAR 季節(jié)日歷 Participatory Risk Assessment Tools 參與式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具 （續(xù)） ? RESOURCE MAPPING 繪制資源分布圖 ? INSTITUTIONAL amp。 SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS 機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析 ? PROBLEM TREE 問(wèn)題樹 ? RANKING 排序 ? HCVA 致災(zāi)因子 /能力 /易損性評(píng)估 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 易損性評(píng)估 什么是易損性 A set of prevailing or consequent conditions which adversely affect the munity’s ability to prevent, mitigate, prepare for or respond to hazard event 一系列主要的或隨后發(fā)生的狀況，這些狀況對(duì)社區(qū)針對(duì)某一致災(zāi)因子的防御、減輕、準(zhǔn)備或響應(yīng)的能力造成負(fù)面影響 Vulnerability Assessment 易損性評(píng)估 ? A process to identify what elements are at risk per hazard type, and to analyze the root causes of why these elements are at risk 一個(gè)辨認(rèn)每種致災(zāi)因子類型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)元素的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，還要分析產(chǎn)生這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)元素的根本原因 Categories of Vulnerability 易損性種類 ? Physical / Material 物理性的 /物質(zhì)性的 ? Social /Organizational 社會(huì)性的 /組織性的 ? Motivation /Attitudinal 動(dòng)機(jī)性的 /態(tài)度性的 Vulnerability Assessment 易損性評(píng)估 ? We should recognize that vulnerability assessment is plex 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到易損性評(píng)估是復(fù)雜的 ? Vulnerability is linked to location, sector, social group, etc 易損性與位置、部門和社會(huì)群體相聯(lián) ? Vulnerability and poverty are strongly linked 易損性和貧窮之間有很緊密的關(guān)系 Setting 設(shè)置 Elements At Risk (EAR) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)元素 How EARs can be affected 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)元素如何受到影響 Characteristics of EARs that Contribute to Vulnerability 造成易損性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)元素的特征 Rural 農(nóng)村 Crops and fodder 農(nóng)作物和飼料 Destroyed, put on fire 毀壞、放火 Height, water dependent / nondependent 高度、依賴水 /不依賴水 Environment 環(huán)境 Damage to vegetation, harm to flora and fauna, damage to water ways, mountains, etc 對(duì)植被的損害，對(duì)植物群和動(dòng)物群的傷害，對(duì)水路和山脈的損害 Terrain type, nature of flora and fauna 地形種類、植物群和動(dòng)物群的特征 Land 陸地 Erosion, salinity, deposits, desertification 侵蝕、鹽濃度、沉積物、沙漠化 Location, elements of soil, terrain 位置、土壤元素、地形 Irrigation system 灌溉系統(tǒng) Deposit of silt, breaking of channels, damage to machinery (tubewells, tractor) 淤泥沉積、管道破裂、對(duì)機(jī)器的損害（管道井、拖拉機(jī)） Location, design, construction materials 位置、設(shè)計(jì)、建筑材料 Animals 動(dòng)物 Injured, died, disease 受傷、死亡、疾病 Location, characteristics of species, health 位置、動(dòng)物種類特征、健康 Vulnerability Assessment Example易損性評(píng)估的例子 （續(xù)） Thank You 謝謝您