中國中長期教育規(guī)劃中的教育財政政策-資料下載頁
2024-10-17 20:41本頁面
【導(dǎo)讀】中國中長期教育規(guī)劃中。中國目前有著世界上最大的教育體系。2020年，各級教育機(jī)構(gòu)在校（園）生近，其中。幼兒在園人數(shù)(萬人)2658三年毛入園率(%). 小學(xué)在校生(萬人)10071凈入學(xué)率(%). 初中在校生(萬人)5401毛入學(xué)率(%). 中國政府在2020年7月發(fā)布了《國家中長期教育改革和。文件提出，到2020年中國要基本實現(xiàn)教育現(xiàn)代化，基本。形成學(xué)習(xí)型社會，進(jìn)入人力資源強(qiáng)國行列。學(xué)前三年毛入園率（％）。在學(xué)總規(guī)模（萬人）297933503550. 2020年教育經(jīng)費收入總量。%來自稅收學(xué)雜費。民辦學(xué)校舉辦者投入。學(xué)校事業(yè)收入在中小學(xué)主要是學(xué)生交納的擇。校費，高校則主要是政府外的科研經(jīng)費。五級政府共同分擔(dān)的公共教育
【正文】 e education finance system, especially the budge system, the government costsharing system, and the accountability system. ? Let the People’s Congress be the real decision maker. The central and provincial governments, which possess a large proportion of the financial recourses, should take more responsibility on supporting education ? Link the assessment and promotion of government official with the educational development and public education expenditure. This measure could make public education investment no long based on the official’s preference Company Logo ? 制定各級學(xué)校生均經(jīng)費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和生均財政撥款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是一項技術(shù)性和政策性很強(qiáng)的工作，通過這項政策來增加教育投入在短期內(nèi)也難以產(chǎn)生效果。 ? 除了義務(wù)教育外， 《 規(guī)劃綱要 》 對其他各級教育的政府投入責(zé)任并沒有明確。特別是，公共教育經(jīng)費主要由財力薄弱的縣級政府負(fù)擔(dān)而財力雄厚的中央和省級政府負(fù)擔(dān)較少，財政結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡問題沒有得到解決。 ? 完善教育投入機(jī)制，最主要的是合理確定政府與個人、各級政府之間在各級教育中的投入責(zé)任。在中國目前的情況下，應(yīng)區(qū)分公辦學(xué)校和民辦學(xué)校，區(qū)分不同類別的教育來確定投入責(zé)任。 完善教育投入機(jī)制政策的效果展望與改革建議 Company Logo ? It is technical challenging and (政策性很強(qiáng)指？ ) to set up investment standards, so this policy is not expected to work in the short term ? The Outline does not offer clear statement of the government responsibility on different level of educations except the pulsory education. It does not go deep to the concrete solution of unbalancing financing structure (county vs. central and provincial governments)。 ? It is crucial to reasonably determine the roles of governments/individuals and their relationship in the education financing. In China’s case, the responsibilities could be set based on public private and categorical differences Expectations and Suggestions_ enhancing the mechanism Company Logo ? 建立高等教育撥款咨詢委員會、政府委派高?？倳嫀熀徒逃?jīng)費使用績效評價制度等改革措施，主要適用于公共教育經(jīng)費和公辦學(xué)校的管理。 ? 如果能順利實施，將有助于提高公共教育經(jīng)費分配的公平性和科學(xué)性，加強(qiáng)對公辦學(xué)校的財務(wù)監(jiān)督，提高教育經(jīng)費的使用效率。 ? 還應(yīng)該完善各級學(xué)校的財務(wù)治理結(jié)構(gòu)，并建立學(xué)校財務(wù)公開制度等。 加強(qiáng)經(jīng)費管理政策的效果展望與改革建議 Company Logo ? The establishment of consulting mittee, the assignment of chief accountant, and the performancebased assessment are mainly for public institutes. ? If the proposed policies could be implemented, they would help improving the equality and reasonability of financial distribution, leading to better supervision, and higher efficiency ? There should also be systems to make the education finance wellmanaged and transparent. Expectations and Suggestions_ strengthening the fund management Company Logo ? 提高農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難寄宿生生活補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭子女接受學(xué)前教育予以資助，建立普通高中家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生國家資助制度，這些改革將減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭的教育負(fù)擔(dān)，提高教育公平。 ? 經(jīng)驗表明，要使這些資助政策產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的效果，需要由中央和省級政府為主提供資助資金。 ? 還需要完善高校的助學(xué)貸款制度。中央政府應(yīng)該承擔(dān)高校學(xué)生貸款的擔(dān)保責(zé)任，激勵商業(yè)銀行擴(kuò)大助學(xué)貸款，提高家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生進(jìn)入高等學(xué)校的機(jī)會。 完善學(xué)生資助體系政策的效果展望與改革建議 Company Logo ? The mentioned policies would lower the burden of lowine households, and contribute to educational equality ? Based on previous experiences, moary supports from the central and provincial governments play essential roles on realizing the expected oute. ? The central government still needs to improve the financial aid system for higher education. It should take the guarantee obligation for student loan, which could motivate mercial banks to offer more study loans to increase the lowine students’ possibility of enrollment. Expectations and Suggestions_ improving the financial aid system 謝謝！ Thank You！
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