【正文】 rable pain and intense suffering, then it seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty, one should have the right to end her or his suffering quietly, surely, and with family and friends nearby.　　[A] If one simply withholds treatment, it may take the patient longer to die, and so he may suffer more than he would if more direct action were taken and a lethal injection given.　　[B] The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature. Life is precious. Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another39。s life. Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die. To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws, but to break divine laws as well.　　[C] Since doctors are trained to prolong life, they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide.　　[D] There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies, for example, nature. Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces.　　[E] Without the doctor’s previous treatment, the person would surely be dead already. Doctors have intervened for months or even years, so why not sanction this final, merciful intervention?　　[F] There is no single, objectively correct answer for everyone as to when, if at all, one’s life bees all things considered a burden and unwanted. If selfdetermination is a fundamental value, then the great variability among people on this question makes it especially important that individuals control the manner, circumstances, and timing of their death and dying.　　[G] Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are mitting a crime, and they should be dealt with accordingly.　　Sample Two　　Directions:　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41 – 45, you are requirec to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A – G to fill in each numbered box. Two paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)[A] This work, though, were relatively smallscale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.　　[B] Besides pay, her study also looked at the glassceiling effect namely that at all stages of a woman39。s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between and . Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman39。 to settle into a professorial chair.　　[C] Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute39。s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medicalresearch scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants.　　[D] Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia39。s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year39。s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around ￡ 1,500 ($ 2,850) a year.　　[E] To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr Connolly attributes to discrimination.　　[F] That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men39。s and women39。s lives mean the gap is caused by something else。 women taking career breaks to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over ￡ 4,000 a year more than female ones.　　[G] Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr Connolly39。s pared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.Sample Three　　Directions:　　You are going to read a text about the introduction on how to pay in the future, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A – F for each numbered subheading (41 45). There is one extra example which you do use. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)　　Smart cards and mobile phones are quickly emerging as ways to pay with electronic cash.　　41. A cash call.　　42. Sending money home　　43. Energising money　　44. How to pay in Tokyo　　45. Flashing the plastic　　[A] The various contactless payment systems rely on a technology called nearfield munica