【正文】 語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)　I noticed him crossing the street.　Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.　作定語(yǔ)　Do you know the man writing a letter?　The worker running a machine is my brother.　分詞使用中的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題　現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式　Having cleaned the room, I went out.　現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式 　Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.　現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的不同　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成　I found the man killed there.　I found the man standing there.　have結(jié)構(gòu)　We have the car repaired.　We have repaired the car.　We have Tom repair the car.　We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.　分詞作表語(yǔ)　We were excited at the news.　The football game is exciting.　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)　It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.II． 例題　例Time_______， I39。ll go on a piic with you.　A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting　解析：該題答案為D。 Time permitting…是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，意為如果時(shí)間允許的話…　例_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.　A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking　解析：該題答案為C。主語(yǔ)she是被問(wèn)。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)難點(diǎn)（三）（十）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞 I． 要點(diǎn)　助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)意義，在句中幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成一定的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，或是幫助構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句，常用的助動(dòng)詞有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表一定的詞義，本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度，它在句中須和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，主要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.　can 能，可以，表說(shuō)話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，如:You can go now.　提建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí)可用can I, can you表客氣，如Can I buy you a drink?　can和be able to表能力時(shí)的區(qū)別?！an表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.　may?。?）、可以，表說(shuō)話人同意，許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。You may go.?。?）、（現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)）可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.　must, have to　must表主觀上的必須，have to表客觀上的必須，如:It39。s getting late. I have to go. Must I go now. Yes, you must.　(No, you needn39。t./ No, you don39。t have to.)　need, dare這二詞有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞兩種詞性，如用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式to do，如用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。Need I go now? Yes, you must./No, you needn39。t.)　shall用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中表說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?　用于二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句，表說(shuō)話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don39。t work harder.　should表應(yīng)該，意為有責(zé)任，有義務(wù)。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.　will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 Will you lend me your book? Yes, I will.，　should have done表應(yīng)該做而未做　must have done表對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)　could have done表本可以做某事　判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can39。t, 不太肯定用may, might　He must be in the office now.　He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.　He can39。t be in the office. He is at home.　He couldn39。t have cleaned the classroom, because he didn39。t e here today.　He might be in the office, I am not sure.　He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.II． 例題　例1，They _______ to walk in the street at might.　A. didn39。t dare 　B. not dared 　C. not dare 　D. dared not　解析，該題答案為A， 此空需選一動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，因?yàn)楹竺媸莟o walk, didn39。t dare是行為動(dòng)詞dare過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式?！±?，When he was very old, Mr. Smith _______ sit for hours without saying a word.　A. would 　B. should 　C. must 　D. used　解析，該題答案為A, would此處表過(guò)去的傾向性，習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，意為總是如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer.（十一）句子種類(lèi)I． 要點(diǎn)　句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句；按結(jié)構(gòu)又分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句?！￡愂鼍涞姆穸ā。?） 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)的否定習(xí)慣上要移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，如: I don39。t think he is right.?。?） 含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應(yīng)視為否定句，如: I have never been there before.　反意疑問(wèn)句?。?） need和dare 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，在反問(wèn)部分須加以區(qū)別，如We needn39。t leave, need we? We don39。t need to leave, do we??。?） 陳述部分出現(xiàn)否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分須用肯定形式如：He seldom es, does he?　（3） 陳述部分用不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?　陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分常用it，有時(shí)也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don39。t they??。?） 陳述部分包括used to 時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分可有兩種形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn39。t (didn39。t) you??。?） 陳述部分是there + be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分用there，如:There39。s something wrong with you, isn39。t there?　（6） 陳述部分是含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?　但，如果是I think , I believe等 +賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反問(wèn)部分須和從句的動(dòng)詞保持一致，如，I don39。t think he is right, is he? I don39。t believe he does that, does he?　感嘆句　用what或how, 　What a beautiful park it is.　How beautiful a park it is.　How beautiful the park is.　How we worked!　祈使句　Take care!　Don39。t stand there.　Please open the door for the old lady.II．例題　例1，Don39。t forget to post the letter, _______ ?　A. will you 　B. do you 　C. won39。t you 　D. shall you　解析：該題答案為A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用will you?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won39。t,