【導(dǎo)讀】生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係。製造規(guī)劃及控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)。產(chǎn)能管理相關(guān)概念。投入/產(chǎn)出規(guī)劃及控制。–產(chǎn)品以多樣化及高品質(zhì)取勝?生產(chǎn)彈性及消除浪廢。以產(chǎn)品定位策略分類

　　

【正文】 205 182 72 Definition ? Planned Input – Work expected to arrive by time period ? based on CRP constraints ? expressed in standard hours or other mon unit of measure ? Planned Output – Work to be reduced by time period ? to reduce queue, plan output greater than input ? make capacity available 73 Definition ? Planned Queue – Beginning queue + planned input planned output ? week ending 06/06 : 300 + 182 207 = 275 ? week ending 06/13 : 275 + 203 207 = 271 ? continuing for each succeeding week ? Actual Input – Work arriving at work center by time period, same unit of measure ? obtained from reporting systems or manual logs ? affected by releases to shop, flow from prior operations 74 Definition ? Actual Input – Work arriving at work center by time period, same unit of measure ? obtained from reporting systems or manual logs ? affected by releases to shop, flow from prior operations ? Actual Output – Standard hours produced during each period ? from reporting systems or manual logs ? affected by resources, efficiency, workload 75 Definition ? Actual Queue – Begging (or prior period) queue + actual input actual output ? week ending 06/06: 300 + 197 213 = 284 ? verified periodically to confirm accuracy of input and output data ? Control – measure actual to plan ? actual output vs. planned output ? actual output vs. actual input ? actual input vs. planned input 76 Input/Output Comparisons ? Actual output ? planned output – Queues, LT ? – not enough input? Insufficient capacity? ? Actual output ? planned output – may run out of work, excess capacity ? Actual input ? planned input – may run out of work – feeding w/c behind schedule, late order 77 Input/Output Comparisons ? Actual input ? planned input – work released early, queue amp。 LT ? – feeding w/c ahead of schedule ? Actual output ? actual input – work released early, queue amp。 LT ? – not enough capacity ? Actual output ? actual input – work released late, may run out of work – feeding w/c behind schedule, idle capacity, late order Dispatching Rules ? First e, first served (FCFS) ? Earliest Job Due Date (EDD) ? Earliest Operation Due Date (ODD) ? Operation start dates ? Critical ratios (CR) ? Shortest process time (SPT) ? Other methods 79 Dispatching Rules Dis p a t c h i ng R u l eJ ob P roc e s sT i m e(da ys )A rri va lD a t eD ueD a t eO pe ra t i onD ue D a t eF C F S E DD ODD SPTA 4 223 245 2332 4 1 3B 1 224 242 2393 2 2 1C 5 231 240 2404 1 3 4D 2 219 243 2421 3 4 280 Capacity Management Pla nni ngHoriz onE xte nt T imePeri odsDec isio ns T ec hni que sRe sourc epla nni ng(lo ng ra ng e)Bey ondone y earMonth l yQuar te rl yY ea rl yPla nt co nstru ct ionE qui pment Proc.Manp ower pla nni ngGrossca lc u la t ionBOLOper at inghori zo n p la n(medi um r an ge )Up toone y earW ee kl y Manp ower tra nsfersW ork pla n ad just mentsAlt er na t e rou ti ngMake /Bu ySubco ntr ac t ingCa pa cit yre qui re mentspla nni ngE xe cu t ion(short ra nge )One tofourwee ksDai l yW ee kl yOrde r re l ea seOver ti meAlt er na t e rou ti ngOrde r ove rl ap pin gOper at ionseque nc ingI/O co ntr o l81 製造環(huán)境特性 特性 Job Shop Repetitive/Batch 產(chǎn)品定位策略 Maketoorder Maketostock Engineertoorder Assembletoorder 產(chǎn)量 低 高 批量 分?jǐn)?setup cost 1 Queue, move, wait time 高 (70% ~90%) 低 產(chǎn)能 Standard hours Cycle time Routings 變動(dòng) 固定 Dispatching 複雜 FCFS layout 功能別佈置 產(chǎn)品別佈置 SFC 推式 (push) 拉式 (pull) Reporting detail 高 低 82 製造環(huán)境 比較 OneofaKind Fixed location Fixed by job site Trucks, cranes Single product High Very long Satellites, construction Plant Organization Routing Material Handling Product Mix Amount WIP Time to Manufacture Examples Job Shop Variable by product Functional departments Fork lifts, tote bins Many products High Variable by product Tools, furniture Repetitive Fixed by assembly line Fixed by line Conveyors, containers Similar products Low Short Auto assembly, tires Flow Shop Fixed by plant Fixed by plant Conveyors, pipelines Similar products Low Short with long runs Oil, steel, cement Source: APICS, CPIM materials 1998 83 Conclusions ? Managing order LTs requires managing both priority and capacity ? Capacity plans should use the broadest possible product groups that go through similar manufacturing operations ? Capacity must be adequate to support the MPS and handle additional unplanned demands