【正文】 um r an ge )Up toone y earW ee kl y Manp ower tra nsfersW ork pla n ad just mentsAlt er na t e rou ti ngMake /Bu ySubco ntr ac t ingCa pa cit yre qui re mentspla nni ngE xe cu t ion(short ra nge )One tofourwee ksDai l yW ee kl yOrde r re l ea seOver ti meAlt er na t e rou ti ngOrde r ove rl ap pin gOper at ionseque nc ingI/O co ntr o l81 製造環(huán)境特性 特性 Job Shop Repetitive/Batch 產(chǎn)品定位策略 Maketoorder Maketostock Engineertoorder Assembletoorder 產(chǎn)量 低 高 批量 分?jǐn)?setup cost 1 Queue, move, wait time 高 (70% ~90%) 低 產(chǎn)能 Standard hours Cycle time Routings 變動 固定 Dispatching 複雜 FCFS layout 功能別佈置 產(chǎn)品別佈置 SFC 推式 (push) 拉式 (pull) Reporting detail 高 低 82 製造環(huán)境 比較 OneofaKind Fixed location Fixed by job site Trucks, cranes Single product High Very long Satellites, construction Plant Organization Routing Material Handling Product Mix Amount WIP Time to Manufacture Examples Job Shop Variable by product Functional departments Fork lifts, tote bins Many products High Variable by product Tools, furniture Repetitive Fixed by assembly line Fixed by line Conveyors, containers Similar products Low Short Auto assembly, tires Flow Shop Fixed by plant Fixed by plant Conveyors, pipelines Similar products Low Short with long runs Oil, steel, cement Source: APICS, CPIM materials 1998 83 Conclusions ? Managing order LTs requires managing both priority and capacity ? Capacity plans should use the broadest possible product groups that go through similar manufacturing operations ? Capacity must be adequate to support the MPS and handle additional unplanned demands 。 前置時間 : 1期間 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7毛需求排程到貨預(yù)估在手量計劃核發(fā) 2 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 1 5 0 2 5 0 料件 110固定數(shù)量訂購 。 roughcut approaches are very practical 33 Bill of Resource (Bill of Labor) ? 資源清單 (BOR。 Line Balancing JIT 16 Manufacturing System Model Business Planning Sales Planning Production Planning MPS MRP Demand Management Finance Planning Resource Requirements Planning RoughCut Capacity Planning Capacity Requirements Planning Purchasing Production Activity Control Mid Term LongTerm ShortTerm Inventory Management Input/Output Control 17 Capacity Management in MPS System Resource requirements planning Roughcut capacity planning Capacity requirements planning Purchasing Material requirements planning Message to BUY or MAKE Production activity control Master production scheduling Production planning Input/Output analysis Operation Sequencing 18 Capacity Planning and Control Priority Capacity Planning Control PP MPS MRP RRP RCCP CRP Input/Output Control Operation Sequencing 19 Capacity Definition ? The rate at which work is withdraw from the system. ? The highest reasonable output rate which can be achieved with the current product specifications, product mix, work force, plant, and equipment. [APICS dictionary] 20 Capacity Management ? The function of establishing, measuring, monitoring, and adjusting limits or levels of capacity in order to execute all manufacturing schedules. [APICS dictionary] ? Include – capacity planning – capacity control 21 Work Center and Load ? Work Center – A specific production facility, consisting of one or more people and/or machines, which can be considered as on unit for purposes of capacity requirements planning and detailed scheduling. [APICS dictionary] ? Load – The amount of scheduled work ahead of a manufacturing facility, usually expressed in terms of hours of work or units of production. [APICS dictionary] 22 Wight’s Funnel CAPACITY LOAD OUTPUT 23 Capacity and Load [APICS] Capacity Load (每一作業(yè)之 Setup 及 run times) 工程研發(fā)工單 PM 重工工單 計劃工單 已發(fā)放工單 加班及外包 考慮人員 , 設(shè)施 ,之 available hours 及 Time Efficiency Rate 減項 Breaks, Downtime, Rework Absenteeism, Daily, Maintenance, Other Capacity Planning Terms Load Available Week Hours per resource Capacity Utilization Scenarios Load Available Load Available Load Available Balanced Underloaded Overloaded 26 Determining Capacity Available ? Demonstrated (Measured) Capacity – the average recent output actually achieved , is figured from historical data – is defined as average output, not max output ? Rated (Calculated) Capacity – available hours utilization efficiency 27 6% 6% 62% 13% 13% Breaks R. Maintenance