【正文】 (即瞬間 )動(dòng)詞，它可以有完成時(shí)，如： I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能與表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如要講我這本字典已買了 3 年了則要用 have had 這一結(jié)構(gòu)即我擁有這本字典已 3 年了。 by ［誤］ The boy shot the cat by a gun. ［正］ The boy shot the cat with a gun. ［誤］ He came to school by a taxi this morning. ［正］ He came to school by taxi this morning. ［析］ 作為某種運(yùn)輸手段來(lái)講， by 與名詞間不能有冠詞，如： by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞，則應(yīng)用別的相應(yīng)的介詞，如： 我們今天早上是乘他的車來(lái)的 一句應(yīng)譯為： We came here in his car this morning. 與 by 結(jié)合而成的詞組很多，常用的有： by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō)； by hand 手工制作； by oneself 獨(dú)自地； by no means 決不。 2022 中考英語(yǔ)考前錯(cuò)題本 （ C 字母篇） call ［誤］ I39。ll call at Mr Brown. ［正］ I39。ll call on Mr Brown. ［誤］ I39。ll call on Mr Brown39。s home. ［正］ I39。ll call at Mr Brown39。s home. ［析］ 作 拜 訪 講時(shí)， at 后面接訪問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，而 on 后面接訪問(wèn)的人。 call on drop in visit 中國(guó)最大的 教育門戶網(wǎng)站 E 度 中 考網(wǎng) 12 call on 比較正式的為公務(wù)的訪問(wèn)，如： We were called on by the old students. 而 drop in 則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如： If you39。re free, drop in. 而 visit 則是更正式的外交訪問(wèn)或友好往來(lái)，如： My school39。s headmaster will visit America next week. can ［誤］ A blind man can not judge colours. ［正］ A blind man cannot judge colours. ［誤］ I cann39。t call for you at ten. ［正］ I can39。t call for you at ten. ［析］ can 的否 定形式應(yīng)為 cannot 或 can39。t. ［誤］ It39。s only six o39。clock. That mustn39。t be the postman. ［正］ It39。s only six o39。clock. That can39。t be the postman. ［析］ must 用來(lái)表示一種肯定的推斷，如： She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用 can39。t， 要表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)則要用 must+have+過(guò)去分詞 的表達(dá)法，如：The lights have gone fuse must have can39。t+have+過(guò)去分詞 ，如： I don39。t think he can have heard you. Call again. ［誤］ We could not help to laugh at once. ［正］ We could not help laughing at once. ［正］ We could not help but laugh at once. ［析］ couldn39。t help+動(dòng)名詞 表示禁不住做了某事。但 could not help but 與 could not but后面要加不帶 to的不定式， 意思都是不得不去做某事 .如： You could not (help) but respect him. can be able to can 與 be able to 都可以用來(lái)表示能力，但 can 只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)， be able to 則可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，如： He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而達(dá)到的一次性動(dòng)作則只 能用 be able to，如： He finally was able to jump over 2 10 meters. 或： The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個(gè)詞都沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而 be able to后面不接不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)。 can could 中國(guó)最大的 教育門戶網(wǎng)站 E 度 中 考網(wǎng) 13 can 與 could 都可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)的口語(yǔ)中，只是用 could 更為禮貌，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。如： Could you tell us a story? care ［誤］ I don39。t care coffee. ［正］ I don39。t care for coffee. ［誤］ Take care for your steps. ［正］ Take care of your steps. ［析］ care for 是 對(duì)某物感興趣 ，而 care of 是 關(guān)心，要當(dāng)心某事 ，如： She didn39。t care for him. Take care of what you are doing. ［誤］ I don39。t care where we will go if it doesn39。t rain. ［正］ I don39。t care where we go if it doesn39。t rain. ［析］ 在 it doesn39。t matter, I don39。t care, I don39。t mind, 及 in case 引出的狀語(yǔ)從句后面要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如： I39。ve got a football in case we have time for a game. change ［誤］ I want to change my camera with that one. ［正］ I want to change my camera for that one. ［析］ change for 為 以某物為交換物 。而 change with 則是 隨 …… 而變 ，如： The wood39。s colour changed with the season. cheap ［誤］ A teacher39。s salary is generally very cheap. ［正］ A teacher39。s salary is generally very low. ［析］ 工資的高低要用 low， cheap 是指價(jià)格便宜，如果要講物美價(jià)廉則要用 not expensive, 如： This car is not expensive. choose ［誤］ We each had to have a choose of A or B. 中國(guó)最大的 教育門戶網(wǎng)站 E 度 中 考網(wǎng) 14 ［正］ We each had to have a choice of A or B. ［析］ choice 是名詞，而 choose 是動(dòng)詞。 class ［誤］ The class is watching TV. ［正］ The class are watching TV. ［析］ class 作 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為整體講則應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如： The class was more than forty in number. 如考慮到具體的每個(gè)成員時(shí)則應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如： The class are, in general, very bright. clean ［誤］ Sorry, I didn39。t bought it here. I cleanly fot. ［正］ Sorry, I didn39。t bought it here. I clean fot. ［析］ clean 可以作為副詞講，其意為 完全 ，而 cleanly 則意為 正確地 、 干凈利落地 ，如： The knife doesn39。t cut cleanly. 而 clean 作為形容詞講時(shí)意為 清潔的 、 干凈的，如： Her face is not clean now. clever ［誤］ I39。m not clever in English. ［正］ I39。m not clever at English. ［析］ clever at 是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特長(zhǎng)。 close ［誤］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door close. ［正］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed. ［析 ］ 這里的 close 是動(dòng)詞，意為 關(guān)閉 ，而 keep 后要加形容詞，所以要用 close 的過(guò)去分詞形式 closed 作形容詞。作形容詞用的 close 意為 近的 、 親密的 。 ［誤］ Come closely so that I can see you. ［正］ Come close so that I can see you. ［誤］ Good teaching and good testing are close related. 中國(guó)最大的 教育門戶網(wǎng)站 E 度 中 考網(wǎng) 15 ［正］ Good teaching and good testing are closely related. ［析］ close,closely 同樣可以作副詞用，但其意義不同， close 是 靠近 、 接近 之意，而 closely 則是 緊密 、 嚴(yán)密 、 密切 之意。 ［誤］ My school was quite close from my home. ［正］ My school was quite close to my home. ［析］ 與 …… 接近 是 close to… ，例如： He was close to fifty. There is a bus stop close to the station. close shut turn shut 與 close 是同義詞，如 close the door 或 shut the door. 但要講把某人關(guān)在門外時(shí)則只能 用 shut somebody out 而不能用 close，因 shut 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，并含有隔離之意。而 turn off是指關(guān)上電視、電燈、煤氣之類，有切斷之意。 cloth ［誤］ The children wear very good cloth to go to school. ［正］ The children wear very good clothes to go to school. ［誤］ I need a lot of clothing. I39。m going to make a new cloth. ［正］ I need a lot of cloth. I39。m going to make a new dress. ［析］ cloth 是 布 、 布料 ，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一塊布料是 a piece of cloth, 而 clothes統(tǒng)指衣服，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 一套衣服 要講 a suit of clothes， 如果是 一件件衣服 應(yīng)講 shirt, dress, sweater 等。而 clothing 是衣物的總稱，是不可數(shù)名詞。例如： This clothing is needed in warm clothes are made of fine cloth. 英語(yǔ)中的 dress 是指比較正式的服裝，如 a school dress(校服 )， a student dress(學(xué)生套裝 )， a working dress(工作服 )。