名的學(xué)校流行病學(xué)(1)-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-01-08 06:21本頁(yè)面
【正文】 r, riots, refugee flows and famine 傳染病的預(yù)防和控制 Prevention and control of infectious diseases Immunization of people –boosters frequently required –100% immunization is not necessary (herd immunity) Blocking vehiclemediated transmission –water purification –effective cooking –prevention of food contamination with infectious agents Public Health Measures for Control of Epidemics Involves strategies which break the chain of transmission Quarantine –limiting freedom of movement of individuals carrying infectious agents –minimum time required for a quarantine period is equal to longest period of municability (transmissibility) of the disease Elimination of animal reservoirs –immunization of animals that act as reservoirs of diseases such as bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis (highly effective when monitored properly) –eradication of animals that act as reservoirs of diseases such as tularemia, plague, Lyme disease (sometimes effective, difficult to monitor properly) Prevention, Intervention, Control, and Eradication of Diseases Prevention – implies the planning for and taking action to prevent or forestall the occurrence of an undesirable event and is therefore more desirable than . . . Intervention – which is defined as taking of action during an event Control – general term used in the containment of disease Eradication – total elimination of the disease Control of Infectious diseases HUMAN 1. Change behavior 2. Health education 3. Vaccination ENVIRONMENT 1. Habitat improvement 2. Water (or soil) treatment 3. Revise agriculture pattern Control of Infectious diseases RESERVOIRS 1. Treatment 2. Vaccination 3. Eradication VECTORS 1. Chemical control 2. Nonchemical control ? 加強(qiáng)傳染病監(jiān)測(cè) Communicable disease surveillance ? 傳染病報(bào)告 Report infectious diseases 針對(duì)傳染源的措施 The control measures for the source of infection （ 1）病人 Cases ? 早發(fā)現(xiàn) Early detection ? 早診斷 Early diagnosis ? 早報(bào)告 Early reporting ? 早隔離 Early isolation ? 早治療 Early treatment 病原攜帶者 Carriers 措施 Measures 登記 Registration 管理 Management 隨訪 Follow up 期限 Time limit 接觸者 Contacts ?檢疫 Quarantine ?留驗(yàn) (隔離觀察 ) Isolated observation ?醫(yī)學(xué)觀察 Medical observation 動(dòng)物傳染源 Animal ? 徹底消滅 Wipe ? 捕殺、焚燒或深埋 Killing, burning or deep ? 隔離治療 Isolation and treatment ? 預(yù)防接種和檢疫 Vaccination and quarantine 對(duì)傳播途徑的措施 measures for route of transmission 消毒 Disinfection 分類 預(yù)防性消毒 Preventive disinfection 疫源地消毒 Foci disinfection ?隨時(shí)消毒 Disinfection at any time ?終末消毒 Terminal disinfection ? 分類 針對(duì)易感者的措施 Measures for the susceptible ?免疫預(yù)防 Immunization ?藥物預(yù)防 Drug prevention ?個(gè)人防護(hù) Personal Protection 謝 謝
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