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on between one measure and another with a standard value. USING SUPERVISOR/MANAGER ESTIMATES ? In some situations, participants may be incapable of placing a value on the improvement. Their work may be so far removed from the output of the process that they cannot reliably provide estimates. In these cases, the team leaders, supervisors, or managers of participants may be asked to provide a value for a unit of improvement linked to the program. USING LEARNING STAFF ESTIMATES ? The final strategy for converting data to moary values is to use performance improvement staff estimates. Using all the available information and experience, the staff members most familiar with the situation provide estimates of the value. ? Converting Data – Exercise !!! – See Worksheet ? Still not finished….the cost of the intervention! REASONS FOR DEVELOPING COST DATA ? To determine the overall expenditure for human resource development ? To determine the relative cost of each individual HRD program ? To predict future program costs ? To calculate benefits versus costs for a specific program ? To improve the efficiency of the HRD department ? To evaluate alternatives to a proposed HRD intervention ? To plan and budget ? To integrate data into the Human Resource Information System. TABULATING PROGRAM COSTS ? Development Costs (Prorated)。 ? Program Materials。 ? Instructor/Facilitator Costs。 ? Facilities Costs。 ? Travel/Lodging/Meals。 ? Participant Salaries and Benefits。 ? Administrative/Overhead Costs。 ? Evaluation costs。 MEASURING FINANCIAL PAYOFF Cost Benefit Analysis Return on Investment Payback Period Discounted Cash Flow Consequences of not providing learning systems Benefit/Cost Ratio = Benefits ROI = Program Benefits Program Costs Net Program Benefit Program Costs Measuring Financial Payoff X 100 1 Guidelines for Successful BenefitCost Analysis ? Keep the process simple。 ? Use sampling for ROI calculations。 ? Always account for the influence of other factors。 ? Involve management in the process。 ? Educate the management team。 ? Communicate results carefully。 ? Give credit to participants and managers。 ? Plan for ROI calculations. ? Final Case Study !