【導讀】工程造價管理的基本內容,確定合理和有效控制工程造價。出了若干關鍵性舉措。的決策階段；設計階段；實施階段；程造價的建設和管理的一個重要組成部分。概算,預算,超預算的"三超"現象仍然普遍存在,最終導致了嚴重失控項目投資。作為這項工程的費用,以項目貫穿整個過程中,按階段可分為:投資決策階段,的范圍和成本的核定限額。規(guī)定在設計階段,以不同的概算或預算的編制以及政府，沒有有。和材料,采用固定價格的預算編制、審批、管理權限,等等。嚴重的商品短缺的情況下,只要有一定程度的投資將產品產出。幫助政府進行投資計劃方面發(fā)揮了重大作用。年來,國際投資項目的發(fā)展要求,事前預控,事中控制?？刂瞥杀?而不是單方面問題,而應。該是一個多因素的影響,結合實際,全面考慮。的工商及監(jiān)管部門成立監(jiān)察小組,負責監(jiān)督資金的使用。以確保可以批準立項后,原定執(zhí)行。對各項貸款的條件應仔細分析,以減少利息負。計單位,是管制的第一步。

　　

【正文】 o more programs, design optimization, ensuring that the design is technically advanced and reasonable, innovative, stylish, and do not break the limit investment objectives, thus eliminating the engineering design raise the factor of safety and design standards, or only consider the technical feasibility of the program, rather than economic rationality phenomenon, the project cost to ensure effective control. Also known as the value of value engineering analysis, is a modern scientific management technique, is a new technoeconomic analysis, is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective method. It made up for the traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and quality management only emphasizes improving the quality deficiencies, construction is conducive to resolving the longstanding long period, a lot of wastage, poor quality, highcost problems. Value Engineering laws generally divided into three steps: assessment of the design of object technology and economic Score。 Calculation of the target group of technical and economic indicators。 calculate the geometric design of the object, on average。 from parison choose the best design. Construction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost management to control the cost of the project is reasonable in the project to meet quality standards premise, in the investment decisionmaking stage, the design phase and construction phase of the project put the project approval occurred in the control limits, strive in various construction projects rational use of human, material and financial resources to achieve good investment returns and social benefits. The project cost control and management is a dynamic process. The dynamic market economy, to make the investment in the identification and control bee more plex, this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the project runs through the entire process, it is necessary to have a prehensive focus. The implementation phase of the projects. The implementation phase of the project cost management is the implementation of the entire process of project management. Project implementation phase of the project cost management can be divided into three parts: the tender management, construction management and settlement management. Bidding for the construction phase of the construction units Bidding system control engineering cost effective means, bid anization can improve the costeffectiveness of construction projects and ensure the quality of construction projects, shortening the construction cycle return on the investment, construction units can take full advantage of bidding for the effective means of cost control. Construction No. 10 on the 7th ministerial decree issued a contract with the Construction Contract Pricing Management. clearly pointed out in bidding for projects using inventories. This requires the building of units conducting the tender exercise, in the tender document to include not only the usual content, like tender notes before schedule, tender notes, the conditions of the contract, the contract terms of the agreement, contract format, technical specifications, drawings, tender documents and other reference format, it is also necessary to provide the engineering inventory, Bidding as a reference document of the important ponents. Construction units in the tender document for the project inventory, in accordance with state or local rules promulgated by the calculation that the reunification of the divided projects, unified measurement units and the reunification of the engineering calculation rules, according to design drawings to be calculated and statistical arranged, obtain the list. Quantities to be followed in the preparation of an objective, impartial, scientific, and rational principle. Compilers must have strong manly budget, and should have certain knowledge of the engineering design and construction experience, and the material and mechanical construction technology for prehensive scientific knowledge, in order to calculate the volume of the works without heavy missed. The basis of which must be in accordance with state regulations engineering calculation rules, and the subprojects division engineering units, and in accordance with design drawings, design essential Love tender documentation requirements are calculated. Quantities of the project should have a testing general, the entries must be simple, while not appear Lousing wrong items Pricing should guarantee the correctness of the project. Should the requirements of the different grades separate engineering division, the situation was different。 we may have different prices for the items separately. This requires the preparation of the list pilers, seriously study design drawings, Analysis of the tender documents include the elements of the work and the different technical requirements, all familiar with the process, and to the scene of serious investigation, is forecast to make possible the construction of the case, right will have an impact on the Price of projects to be broken down. In addition, because the project inventories to calculate the amount of the project is not plete engineering and consider the interests of the construction units, clearly paying the price for the same overall price, the quantity list by the number of actual construction is a practical terms. In the evaluation and review of the tender offer should do the units total individual Price quotations and the prehensive assessment. Price does not meet the requirements of individual shows Price meets the requirements, and the lowest total Price could not explain the single lowest bidder. Bidders often know the total cost to maintain the same circumstances。 the