【正文】 e Hungarian market. Now Airbus would be the monopolist in this market. What price would they charge, and what would be their total profits? (4) What would be the cost of the subsidy to European taxpayers? (5) What happens to the Consumer Surplus of India customers as a result of this subsidy? (6) What is the revenue gain or loss for Europe as a whole (including taxpayers)? 計(jì)算問答題 2 ? 假設(shè)波音公司（美國）和空中客車公司（歐洲聯(lián)盟）都希望進(jìn)入下一個(gè)新的新一代客機(jī)的印度市場(chǎng)。它們都具有相同的成本和需求的條件（如下面的圖所示）。 （ 1）假設(shè)，波音公司是第一家進(jìn)入印度市場(chǎng)。如果沒有政府補(bǔ)貼什么樣的代價(jià)，他們會(huì)的需求，這將是其總利潤(rùn)呢？ （ 2）什么是消費(fèi)者剩余的波音飛機(jī)，印度消費(fèi)者享有上述情況？ （ 3）假設(shè)歐洲政府提供了 4元每售出補(bǔ)貼空中客車飛機(jī)，而波音公司補(bǔ)貼說服匈牙利退出市場(chǎng)?，F(xiàn)在，空中客車公司將是這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的壟斷。他們會(huì)是什么價(jià)格費(fèi)用，這將是其總利潤(rùn)呢？ （ 4）什么是補(bǔ)貼的費(fèi)用，歐洲的納稅人？ （ 5）會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化作為這種補(bǔ)貼導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者剩余的印度客戶？ （ 6）什么是稅收的收益或損失，歐洲作為一個(gè)整體（包括納稅人）？ 計(jì)算問答題 2 答案 : （ 1） price is $24 million and the total profits are $32 million （ 2） consumer surplus is $16 million. （ 3） price is $20 million and the total profits are $48 million （ 4） the cost of the subsidy to European taxpayers is $24 million （ 5） an increase of $20 million （ 6） a gain of $24 million 計(jì)算問答題 2 答案：（ 1）價(jià)格為 2,400萬元，利潤(rùn)總額是320210000美元 （ 2）消費(fèi)者盈余 1600萬美元。 （ 3）價(jià)格為 2,000萬元，利潤(rùn)總額是48000000 （ 4）補(bǔ)貼的費(fèi)用，歐洲的納稅人是 24000000美元 （ 5）為增加 2,000萬元， （ 6） 2400萬美元收益 計(jì)算問答題 3 1. The figure below represents the demand and cost functions facing a Japan Steel producing monopolist. If it were unable to export, and was constrained by its domestic market, what quantity would it sell at what price? 2. Now the monopolist discovers that it can export as much as it likes of its steel at the world price of $60/ton. It will therefore expand for export production up to the point where its marginal cost equals $60. How much steel will the monopolist sell, and at what price? 3. While selling exports it would also maximize its domestic sales by equating its marginal (opportunity) cost to its marginal revenue of $60. How much steel would the firm sell domestically, and at what price? 計(jì)算問答題 3 ? 1。下圖表示的需求和成本函數(shù)面臨日本鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的壟斷。如果無法出口，并受到國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的限制，多少數(shù)量將它出售代價(jià)是什么？ 2?，F(xiàn)在，壟斷發(fā)現(xiàn)它可以出口 4美元的世界價(jià)格，也同樣喜歡它的鋼鐵 60/ton。因此，它將擴(kuò)大出口生產(chǎn)了，以至于它的邊際成本等于 60美元。多少鋼將壟斷銷售，代價(jià)是什么？ 3。在銷售的出口也將最大限度地等同于它的邊際（機(jī)會(huì)在國內(nèi)銷售）的成本 60美元的邊際收益。要多少鋼鐵企業(yè)在國內(nèi)銷售，以及以什么價(jià)格？ 計(jì)算問答題 3 500 60 80 100 MRdom Ddom MC P($) 1000 400 Q(tons) Dfor=MRfor 計(jì)算問答題 3 答案 : 1. It would sell 500 (million tons) at a price of $80/ton. 2. It would sell 1000 million tons at $60/ton. 3. Answer: 400 million tons at $100/ton 計(jì)算問答題 4 An Economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units. Given the supply of capital, the outputs of the two goods depends on labor input as follows: Labor Input Output of Labor input Output of to Good 1 Good 1 to Good 2 Good 2 0 0 0 0 10 27 10 45 20 40 20 58 30 51 30 67 40 60 40 75 50 68 50 82 60 75 60 88 70 81 70 93 80 86 80 97 90 89 90 100 100 91 100 101 1. Calculate the marginal product of labor for each product at 50 workers and 90 workers. 2. Suppose the relative price of good 1 falls relative to the price of 2. What happens to the wage rate? 3. Calculate the effects of the fall in the relative price of good 2 on the ine of the specific factors capital and land. 計(jì)算問答題 4 ? 一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體能夠產(chǎn)生良好的 1勞動(dòng)力和資本的使用和良好的 2使用勞動(dòng)力和土地。在勞動(dòng)力總供給為 100個(gè)單位。由于資金供應(yīng)，兩種商品的輸出的勞動(dòng)力投入，取決于如下 ? 1。計(jì)算每 50名工人，并在 90名工人生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)品。 2。假設(shè)物品的相對(duì)價(jià)格下降 1相對(duì)于 2的價(jià)格。發(fā)生了什么工資率？ 3。計(jì)算的具體因素，資本和土地收入在良好的 2相對(duì)價(jià)格下降的影響。 計(jì)算問答題答案 1. At 50 workers, the marginal product for product 1 is MPL1= (6860)/(5040)= For product 2 is MPL2= (8275)/(5040)= At 90 workers, the marginal product for product 1 is MPL1=(8986)/(9080)= For product 2 it is MPL2=(10097)/(9080)= 2. The labor ponent of the price of product 1 is larger than that of product 2. Hence, a fall in the relative price of product 1 will lower the demand for labor and will result in a decrease in the wage rate. 3. Because good 2 uses land, a fall in its relative price will result in a fall in rental rates on land, and an increase in the return to capital. 計(jì)算問答題答案 ? 1。在 50名工人的邊際產(chǎn)品 產(chǎn)品 1 MPL1 =（ 6860） /（ 5040） = 有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的 2 MPL2 =（ 8275） /（ 5040） = 在 90名工人的邊際產(chǎn)品 產(chǎn)品 1 MPL1 =（ 8986） /（ 9080） = 產(chǎn)品 2是 MPL2 =（ 10097） /（ 9080） = 2。該產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格勞動(dòng)部門 1大于 2的產(chǎn)品。因此，在產(chǎn)品相對(duì)價(jià)格下降 1會(huì)降低對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求，將導(dǎo)致工資率的下降。 3。因?yàn)榱己玫?2使用的土地，在其相對(duì)價(jià)格下降將導(dǎo)致在土地租金下降，以及在對(duì)資本回報(bào)率增加。