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ration ? A word in one language may look (sound) more or less different when it is used in another language – . Loanwords, proper nouns, etc. – Tiger Woods – 泰格 伍 茲 or 老虎 伍 茲 – ??? ?? –タイガー?ウッズ Word alignment ? Some machine translation systems approach the problem statistically – . The system would look for the most likely word sequence in the target language given the word sequence in the source language ? Such systems must know the how often a word X in the target language corresponds to a word, or a sequence of words Y in the source language