【正文】 。針對高度緊張、焦慮頻繁出現(xiàn)的解釋是有道理的，不僅因為社會文化的原因，還有某些文獻報道的內(nèi)容加重了同性戀者的關(guān)注。 那些受調(diào)查者在描述流產(chǎn)后再次妊娠時時常會感到高度焦慮 (Geller et al., 2021) ，這樣會增加這次妊娠丟失的概率 (Cramer and Wise, 2021). 。 Amplification of loss ? Pregnancy loss, in heterosexual women, has been dubbed ‘the loss of possibility’ (Frost et al., 2021), a loss of ‘hopes, and desired future(Swanson et al., 2021: 2). This resonates in nonheterosexualwomen’s accounts. However, based both on the plex processes,practices and often lengthy time period involved in achieving pregnancy,and the emotional and material investment these women made in impending motherhood, the experience of loss is amplified for lesbian and bisexual women. Only three respondents did not make any preparations for the baby: they experienced early biochemical pregnancy losses. Most read pregnancy books (84%, 38) and bought clothes(42%, 18) and toys (33%, 14). Some undertook more major preparations,such as moving house (19%, 8), changing their car (12%, 5)or anizing a nursery (19%, 8). ? 妊娠丟失在異性戀婦女中被認為是存在可能性的 (Frost et al., 2021)，是希望的毀滅、是未來的消逝 future(Swanson et al., 2021)，這引起了同性戀婦女的共鳴。無論怎樣，基于孕前長期復(fù)雜困難的鍛煉過程和情感、物質(zhì)方面的投入，加重了同性戀與雙性戀者對于妊娠丟失的痛苦。只有 3人受調(diào)查者是意外受孕并且早期流產(chǎn)。其他人中 84%38人閱讀了胎教書， 42%18人買了嬰兒裝， 33%14人買了玩具，還有一些人進行了更多準(zhǔn)備：比如 19%8人搬家， 12%5人換了車， 19%8人雇了保姆。 ? As Table III shows, most respondents(both women who carried the pregnancy and those who did not)chose the responses ‘sadness’, ‘grief’, ‘tears/crying’, ‘shock’, ‘emptiness’and ‘disbelief’ in reaction to their respondents signalled the profundity of the experience through statements such as ‘utter devastation’ (R30, USA), feeling‘suddenly that the world had ended’ (R6, UK) and ‘hollowed out and dead’ (R8, Australia). Most felt that their loss(es) had made a ‘significant’or ‘very significant’ 85% (33) impact on their lives and the majority felt that the experience of loss had changed them (Table IV). ? 正如表 3所示，大多數(shù)受調(diào)查者（同性戀夫婦雙方）都選擇了 “ 悲傷 “ 、 ” 痛苦 “ 、 ” 痛哭 “ 、 “ 震驚 ” 、 “ 空虛 ” 、 “ 懷疑 ” 等回答。一些受調(diào)查者填寫了更為深刻的答案，如 “ 完全荒廢 ” (R30, USA),感到 “ 世界末日的到來 ” (R6, UK)以及 “ 人生的空虛猶如死水 ” (R8, Australia).大多數(shù)人認為（占 85%33人）妊娠丟失對她們的生命來說是 “ 重要的 ”“ 極為重要的 ” ，并認為流產(chǎn)事件可以改變她們的生活。 ? As Table IV indicates, only three respondents reported that they had emotionally recovered from their loss ‘very quickly’ or ‘a(chǎn)fter a month or two’ and some indicated that they would ‘a(chǎn)lways grieve the loss’ of their baby (Ross, 2021). As respondents highlighted: ‘it affected me and my partner hugely and for a long time afterwards’(R41, UK)。 ‘there is a part of it that will stay with me forever, but I don’t think it’s quite ‘grief’ maybe sadness is a better term’ (R33,USA)。 and ‘I will always feel it but a few months later the deep crisis pain gets a bit easier’ (R30, USA). Although the impact of loss for these respondents generally corresponds to findings from the literature on heterosexual women (Geller et al., 2021。 Swanson et al.,2021。 Brier, 2021), there do appear to be differences (Ross et al.,2021). Reviews of the literature indicate that anxiety symptoms typically continue ‘until approximately 4 months after the loss event’(Geller et al., 2021: 42) and that grief reactions are ‘significantly less intense by about 6 months’ (Brier, 2021: 451). However, for these women, the loss seem to have a longer lasting impact: ‘started to feel less raw after 18 months, but it’ll never pletely go away’ ? 表 4所示，只有 3名受調(diào)查者能夠從妊娠丟失中輕易恢復(fù)或間隔 1至 2各月恢復(fù)過來。一些人表示她們會因為孩子的死亡而感到永久的悲傷。正如受調(diào)查者所說：“這會長期強烈的伴隨我及我的伴侶” ’(R41, UK)、“我更愿意用悲傷這個詞而不是痛苦這個詞” (R33,USA)、“我會一直記住這件事但是幾個月后這種深深的痛感會變得容易消退” (R30, USA ）。這些反應(yīng)與異性戀者相比，有過之而無不及。據(jù)文獻回顧，焦慮癥狀最多持續(xù) 4個月 ’(Geller et al., 2021)，痛苦感最少要持續(xù) 6個月 (Brier, 2021)。但是對于同性戀婦女這種影響似乎要更長一些，至少需要 18個月來減少這種感覺，而這種感覺一生都不會消除。 Health care and heterosexism ? Health professionals were involved in the pregnancy loss for the majority of respondents (86%, 36). Indeed 60% (25) of these women were in a medical setting (hospital, doctor’s office, clinic)when they realized that they were losing their embryo/fetus/ of the women (50%, 21) initially found out through ultrasound（ 36%, 15) or other clinical investigation. Respondents also listed ‘spotting’45% (17), ‘cramps’ (26%, 11) and ‘heavy bleeding’ (19%, 8) as signs of impending loss. Ultrasound plays a role in anxiety about fetal health, even in circumstances when it transpires that the fetus is healthy(Harpel, 2021). Rather than ‘fear of the unknown’ despite subsequent‘visual evidence of the fetus’ health’ (Harpel, 2021: 303), these women reported being ‘very excited’ (R33) and ‘confident’ (R19) about their scan. They did not anticipate problems (‘we had no idea’, R27), even if partners were ‘more cautious’ (R33). ? 86%(36人 )受調(diào)查者的妊娠丟失事件中都涉及了醫(yī)護人員。 60%(25人 )在預(yù)感要流產(chǎn)時都在醫(yī)療場所就診（醫(yī)院、醫(yī)生診所、門診） .大約一半人（ 21人）通過超聲來確診。另有 15人在門診檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)。受調(diào)查者用 ”污跡 ”45% (17人 )、鉗夾 (26%, 11人 )、大出血 (19%, 8人 )來描述流產(chǎn)過程。對于評判胎兒健康與否，超聲則引發(fā)了焦慮 (Harpel, 2021 ）。當(dāng)胎兒經(jīng)超聲診斷為健康時，這種焦慮感才有所轉(zhuǎn)變。 Harpel認為超聲是一種“將未知恐懼轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡S之而來的胎兒健康的可視證據(jù)”。這些婦女對超聲診斷的內(nèi)容感到“非常興奮” (R33）“自信” (R19)。雖然婦女們很小心行事 (R33)，但她們?nèi)圆黄谕霈F(xiàn)問題（“面對問題可能會 束手無策” R27）。 ? Most respondents (71%, 25) rated the overall standard of care they received from health professionals as ‘good’, ‘very good’ or ‘outstanding’。and of these, 31% (11) rated overall standard of care as ‘outstanding’.Only six (17%) rated their care as ‘poor’, ‘very poor’ or‘extremely poor’. Nevertheless, in response to the question ‘did you experience any heterosexism, homophobia or prejudice from health professionals?’, % (10) indicated ‘yes’ and a further %(3) were ‘unsure’. ? 大多數(shù) 71% （ 25人 )的受調(diào)查者對醫(yī)護人員進行總體評價時，認為“不錯”“好”“杰出”， 31%（ 11人）認為護理方法“杰出”，只有 6名認為護理方法“爛”“很差”“非常差”。在關(guān)于醫(yī)護人員對于同性戀有無歧視等相關(guān)問題上， %（ 10人）的人認為有， %（ 3人）認為不確定。 ? There were two key issues in these accounts: ‘the heterosexism of the clinic structures and approach’ (R41, UK) and samesex partners being ‘pretty much ignored’ (R1, UK) or likewise treat