【正文】
d, but 17 million of SNPs out of 3 billion are estimated. 3, SNPs in coding regions of genes have been termed cSNPs, about 500,000 of cSNPs and an average of about 6 per gene. Frequency of SNP in Human Genome 1, Neutral alteration: a base substitution with no effect on the amino acid residue encoded. 2, Conservative change: a base substitution that results in an altered amino acid, but has minimal effect on protein structure or function. 3, Nonconservative alteration: leading to a change in the encoded amino acid residue that has dramatic effects on protein structure or function. The Functional Effects of cSNPs Major changes in protein structure can result from subtle variation in the geic sequence encoding it. These changes can pletely block the function of the protein in vivo and can also affect the development of highthroughput(高通亮 ) assays for screening therapeutic pounds.