曼昆微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)cha-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-05-09 21:22本頁(yè)面
【正文】 xed in the short run but variable in the long run, a firm’s longrun cost curves differ from its shortrun cost curves. Figure 7 Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Run Copyright 169。 2021 SouthWestern Quantity of Cars per Day 0 Average Total Cost 1,200 $12,000 ATC in short run with small factory ATC in short run with medium factory ATC in short run with large factory ATC in long run Copyright 169。 2021 Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd. Economies and Diseconomies of Scale ● Economies of scale refer to the property whereby longrun average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases. ● Diseconomies of scale refer to the property whereby longrun average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases. ● Constant returns to scale refers to the property whereby longrun average total cost stays the same as the quantity of output increases Figure 7 Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Run Copyright 169。 2021 SouthWestern Quantity of Cars per Day 0 Average Total Cost 1,200 $12,000 1,000 10,000 Economies of scale ATC in short run with small factory ATC in short run with medium factory ATC in short run with large factory ATC in long run Diseconomies of scale Constant returns to scale Copyright 169。 2021 Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd. Summary ● The goal of firms is to maximize profit, which equals total revenue minus total cost. ● When analyzing a firm’s behavior, it is important to include all the opportunity costs of production. ● Some opportunity costs are explicit while other opportunity costs are implicit. Copyright 169。 2021 Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd. Summary ● A firm’s costs reflect its production process. ● A typical firm’s production function gets flatter as the quantity of input increases, displaying the property of diminishing marginal product. ● A firm’s total costs are divided between fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs do not change when the firm alters the quantity of output produced。 variable costs do change as the firm alters quantity of output produced. Copyright 169。 2021 Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd. Summary ● Average total cost is total cost divided by the quantity of output. ● Marginal cost is the amount by which total cost would rise if output were increased by one unit. ● The marginal cost always rises with the quantity of output. ● Average cost first falls as output increases and then rises. Copyright 169。 2021 Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd. Summary ● The averagetotalcost curve is Ushaped. ● The marginalcost curve always crosses the averagetotalcost curve at the minimum of ATC. ● A firm’s costs often depend on the time horizon being considered. ● In particular, many costs are fixed in the short run but variable in the long run.
高考資料相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1