【導(dǎo)讀】1886年，柯南·道爾完成了《福爾摩斯偵探集》的第一篇小說《血字的研究》。摩斯的探案故事紅遍全球，作者也因這部作品名利雙收。這部創(chuàng)作于英國維多利亞時代時期的作品細(xì)致刻。畫了其故事發(fā)生的舞臺，即當(dāng)時的倫敦；要了解這部作品，就要認(rèn)識故事背景。本文將以柯南·道爾在1886. 年至1927年創(chuàng)作的《福爾摩斯偵探集》中的前四部為基礎(chǔ)，即《血字的研究》、《四簽名》、《冒險經(jīng)歷》以

　　

【正文】 ng Jiong, 2020: 75) Chen Xiaolan, the associate professor in Comparative Literature in school of Literature, Shanghai University, she An Analysis on Victorian London in Conan Doyle‘s Tales of Sherlock Holmes 8 talked about the relation between the novel and the city in her Detective Novels and the control of Cities: A Study Based on Conan Doyle’s Novels. What is more, she held the opinion that Holmes tried his best to help the London, even the world. ―… the rent apartment (Baker Street 221B) is full of the warm of family. It is not only Holmes and Watson‘s harbor of refuge, but also the information counter to the people in London, even in everywhere in Europe.‖(Chen Xiaolan, 2020: 355) According to the paragraph above, we can find that Mrs. Chen shows the positive view towards the opinion that Sherlock Holmes is a hero in the London of Victorian Era. At the same time, she presents her doubt to the ability of the police in Victorian Era. Her analyses provide powerful references to the study. Yu Fang‘s A Brief Analysis of Complete Sherlock Holmes’s Humanitarianism presented the hero side in Holmes‘s character. ―The Holmes‘s tales have not only the characteristic of the critical realism works, but also the meaning of the developed society. It publicizes the Humanitarianism and the idea of rewarding the right and punishing the wrong.‖(Yu Fang, 2020: 171) This study makes the hero side of Holmes in the thesis be more in persuasiveness. And the tales of Sherlock Holmes happen in London, so the studies about city in literature are needed, too. Gao Jie, in his Discussion on the Detective Literatures from the View of Culture, pointed out that the detectives in the cities in literatures are the ―heroes‖ whom people can see. ―… in the city life which individual characters and traditional values are disappearing gradually, the detectives bee the ―heroes‖ that we can see. They are the angels to prevent the society orders from crimes. They are the dependences of safeties to the public in society.‖ (Gao Jie, 2020: 72) Chen Zhang pointed out that the real cities and the cities in literary works mold each other in his Writers and Cities: the Writing Characteristic of the Cities in Literatures. He thought, ―In the classic western literatures, the cities are not only the rooms for characters‘ actions or foils. The changeful cities‘ sights and the urban rooms provide inspirations to the writers. The writers‘ literature works will present the different experience of the cities, and it expresses the living conditions and psychological status of the city. In a word, the writing characteristic of the cities will make the literatures and real societies exist side by side and play a part together.‖ (Chen Zhang, 2020: 3) This viewpoint provides the possibility that the scholars can recover the cities in the literatures with the help of the cities‘ descriptions in the literatures. 寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 9 Summary of the Previous Studies From the relative previous studies of the foreign and domestic scholars, it can be seen that the previous scholars have made great achievements and efforts in this field, and their achievements provide much help to the author in his own study. Those previous scholars try their best to present Victorian Era, London, Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes. They have made the public find the eternal honor and the endless value in the tales of Sherlock Holmes, and take cognizance of the image of the London in Victorian Era and find a real Holmes from that work. However, it is a pity that there are some deficiencies in their studies. Although there is no doubt that the previous scholars do good jobs in this field, it has been noticed that those studies focus on the London in Victorian Era or the tales of Sherlock Holmes alone. In fact, few previous scholars succeed to connect London in Victorian Era to the tales of Sherlock Holmes in their studies, and they fail to study them as a whole. They will be easily thought as the studies which hold a too wild scope, and finally they cannot be satisfied by the venerable scholars the acidulous critics in this field. And it is a pity that they have no studies to those hidden sides of the Victorian London in Conan Doyle‘s tales of Sherlock Holmes, even not realize them. Above all, there are few scholars studying the London of Victorian Era in the tales of Sherlock Holmes. Nowadays, what we need, I think, is a study on the London of Victorian Era which included the city‘s elementary image and the deep level mind in the work. So it is necessary to spread the tales of Sherlock Holmes to the public more and more, and before that recognizing the tales‘ background clear is needed. So this thesis will make a thorough study on the London of Victorian Era in the tales of Sherlock Holmes for recovering its real image, and try to improve and perfect this field. At the same time, it will make a contribution to continuing the fame of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the popularity of the tales of Sherlock Holmes. According to the analyses in the thesis, it can be better understood the development of science, the change of the public‘s mind, and the other tendencies in that historical background. And the thesis says the public‘s aspirations which was conveyed through the works and digs out the hidden sides of that time. What‘s more, like the other typical literatures in Victorian Era, Conan Doyle‘s tales of Sherlock Holmes showed the similarities of Victorian Era literatures and led the tendencies. This thesis will make contributions to the study on the literatures in that time. An Analysis on Victorian London in Conan Doyle‘s Tales of Sherlock Holmes 10 3 An Analysis on Victorian London in Conan Doyle’s Tales of Sherlock Holmes The Basic Image of Victorian London ―Conan Doyle‘s other alluring contribution was the depictions of