【導(dǎo)讀】導(dǎo)下，獨立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。盡我所知，除文中特別加。而使用過的材料。究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位。印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。中，導(dǎo)師在科研、學(xué)習(xí)、生活方面，都給予我許多的幫助和無微不至的關(guān)懷。且非常感謝導(dǎo)師為我提供了一個良好的實驗與學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。特別感謝副院長盧國榮老師對本論文給予了很多幫助和指導(dǎo)。論文實施過程中，英美文學(xué)老師給了我支持和幫助，在此表示由衷的感謝。感謝四年來朝夕相處的同學(xué)計艷、李娜、包富平、楊海玲。們給了我很大的信心和勇氣。

　　

【正文】 xperience. Other symbols in Walden Other symbols in Walden are as following: Thoreau’ chimney symbolizes individual aspiration toward the spiritual world. As it dives into Walden’s deep area, the loons that show up repeatedly in the book represent man in search of gaining higher understanding of nature. The imagery of morning and light in Walden stands for increased perception, insight, and inspiration. And the sand foliage in “spring” symbolizes the work of the maker, evident to man through nature. And almost ? ? 內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)論文 9 everything in nature has something special for Thoreau. He is good at holding a conversation with nature, and deals quite well with the relationship between man and nature, and his inner world.. 3. An interpretation of Thoreau’s sense of happiness from the ecological view. Nowadays, modern people are in pursuit of happiness which is a prime want to a larger sense. So before we analyze what is the happiness Thoreau held, we firstly take a look to the general definition of happiness. Happiness, in a strict sense, has no definite term. Generally it is a mental or emotional state of wellbeing characterized by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. Thoreau’s motto for life is “l(fā)ive simpler, simpler and simpler.” He is a creature of both Eastern (spiritual satisfaction) and Western (materialistic need) thought—had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high. That means he thought energetic effort were made to improve his ability to find and understand the things that essentials offer lasting joy or happiness. The simple life. In the chapter “where I lived, and what I lived for,” Thoreau advocates, “simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand。 instead a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb nail.”?9? This passage perhaps is one of the most constantly quotation. In Walden, Thoreau emphasizes greatly the theme of the simple life. He is constantly telling people in the last chapter to “sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.” In some form or another. He seems that he wishes all men to seek philosophical superiority rather than paring themselves to the man around them, or seeking their honor in achievements of the most boring and unworthy incidents. Thoreau highlights the crushing, inflexible effect of materialism and ? ? 內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)論文 10 mercialism on the individual’s life. Before man has an opportunity to choose what their life should be like, they have been consumed by the property ownership and technical development. Thoreau urges his contemporaries to be satisfied with less material needs. In “what I lived, and what I lived for.” He tells how he himself es close to purchasing the Hollowell place (a concord farm) .but in the end he gives up. Thus, he remains able to enjoy the landscape without possessing himself. In “The Beanfield,” He criticized the mercialization of agriculture, which has lost its coherent dignity. In “village,” he exposes immediately the ic and terrible attractiveness of the shops on Concord’s Mill Dam, and writes his hasty escape from town. In “baker farm,” He depicts the character of John Field, a poor man who regards as necessities tea, coffee, meat, and other dispensable that are obtained only at the cost of sacrificed higher life. Thoreau’s own simple lifestyle contrasts throughout with the multiple, insistent expressions of society’s materialism. Through Walden, Thoreau chiefly talks about how material goods and the work it takes to obtain the property of these things, employs most of the time that a natural man would have to contemplate his own mental improvement. He means that for all the work they have done, they can not enjoy the achievements of their work because they are always working, and once they do have time to contemplate and reflect, the toiling man are too exhausted to really meet their mental needs. Living a simple life is a good way to be easily satisfied with your status quo. You need to minimize your daily necessaries and earthly cares, which perhaps means that you do not need nature provided anything insignificant. A case in point is the Canadian woodchopper, he is a simple man who lives close to nature. He is humble, respectful of nature, and accepts life as it is. In the chapter, “visitors,” Thoreau describes the woodchopper like a prince in disguise. Definitely he lives a happy life which may be admired by the richest person in the world. And is Thoreau happy about his simple life? We can get the answer from his feeling like this： He serves like a rooster, excited and happy .The tone is one of great confidence and joy. The following pages are the author’s optimistic declaration of the richness and fullness of his life at Walden Pond. He describes his cabin in a tone of 內(nèi)蒙古民族大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)論文 11 love for all of its pieces of furniture, and cleans it happily early in the morning before any of the townsman have shown up. As he lays his furniture out on the lawn while the floor is being cleaned. He reminisces that he, “was sometimes tempted to stretch an awning over them and take my seat there. It was worth the while to see the sunshine on these things, and hear the free wind blow on them.” He enjoyed this leisure, and certainly he will thank to his simplicity. Another moving picture is in the chapter “Economy, when the rain had e before his bread was baked, he fixed a few board over the fire, and he just sat there to watch his loaf and in that way he spent many pleasant hours. Thoreau’s happiness is simple, pure, primitive and everlasting. The hap