【導(dǎo)讀】本礦區(qū)年生產(chǎn)量為100萬噸，屬于中型礦山。為1000000噸，符合要求。R——礦床可采礦石儲量；初期的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，增強(qiáng)償貸能力。衡剝采比、推遲了剝離高峰，設(shè)計采用陡幫作業(yè)的采剝工藝。當(dāng)每組中每一個臺階都推至預(yù)定的位置后，即完成一個擴(kuò)幫循環(huán)。方式時，采用緩幫采礦，采礦工作幫坡角一般為10°左右。每一組臺階配1臺挖。礦山基建期為一年，一年的基建期時間內(nèi)年產(chǎn)量為30萬噸/年，一年后投產(chǎn)，礦山服務(wù)年限為10年。可以利用軟件得到前三。年的采剝量和生產(chǎn)剝采比情況。話框中按要求進(jìn)行選擇文件設(shè)置。計算主元素選擇Fe。平均品位、生產(chǎn)剝采比，由此構(gòu)成了年度采剝計劃表。析各個時期的進(jìn)度表，提高工作效率。本設(shè)計中，因礦巖的硬度不能直接挖掘，因此必須采用露天深孔爆破對礦巖松動。巖，中等穩(wěn)固，f=1~7，礦巖斷層,裂隙發(fā)育，雖然潛孔鉆機(jī)單位鉆孔成本較高，率高，性能可靠：鉆機(jī)輕，設(shè)備購置費(fèi)用低；鉆孔方位廣，調(diào)節(jié)靈活，定位準(zhǔn)確。

　　

【正文】 d three fatalities involving collisions between a piece of surface mining haulage equipment and either a smaller vehicle or a worker on foot or some other object. Another 21 accidents occur and three mining equipment operators are killed each year when their equipment backs over the edge of an embankment,stockpile, or dump point (Fesak, Breland, amp。 Spadaro,1996。 Mine Safety and Health Administration [MSHA],2020). These accidents are caused by the operator’s limited visibility from the cab of the equipment. In mining operations,these accidents most often involve large, offhighway dump trucks. The areas that an equipment operator cannot see while seated in the cab of these trucks can be extensive,depending on the size and type of equipment. Fig. 1 shows the blind areas around a 50toncapacity dump truck mon in construction and sand and gravel operations. The gray shaded area outside of the truck outline shows those areas where the truck operator cannot see a person. Larger trucks—up to 360ton capacity—are mon in mining, and the blind areas for these trucks can extend 12 m in front of the areas to the rear and right side can be even larger. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are investigating methods to reduce accidents attributed to the lack of visibility around mining equipment. Many technologies exist that can provide an operator with information on unseen objects or workers near the equipment, including video cameras,sensors, and mirrors. Many of these technologies have been popular in other industries, such as ultrasonic sensors in the automotive industry and video cameras on recreational vehicles, but very few have been successfully applied to mining equipment. Other technologies are being developed to address this problem and include electromagic signal detection and radar (Ruff, 2020). All of these technologies show promise for use on mining equipment。 however, further development is needed to overe the challenges associated with the harsh environment of mining and the size of the equipment being used. Global positioning system (GPS) technology also shows promise for this application. Many surface mines already use GPS on equipment for tracking, dispatch, 40 and control. A logical next step for this technology is to use it to track equipment, workers, and stationary structures and provide a warning when the possibility of a collision exists. The NIOSH Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA, in cooperation with Trimble,1 Sunnyvale, CA, has developed a new system based on GPS technology that will provide an equipment operator with information on all other vehicles, stationary obstacles, and dump points near the machine. . Ruff, . Holden / Journal of Safety Research 34 (2020) 175–181 Fig. 1. Gray areas indicate where driver cannot see a person from cab of a 50toncapacity dump truck. 2. System concept The concept for GPSbased proximity warning for mining equipment entails the use of differential GPS receivers and radios on all equipment having reduced visibility, all smaller vehicles on the mine site, and all workers on illustrated in Fig. 2, the 41 location of all moving objects must be determined and updated in real time, and this information must be transmitted to all nearby equipment so that the equipment operators are aware of other vehicles or workers nearby. In addition, the location of stationary structures, such as buildings, utility poles, and dump points, are stored in a database of potential obstacles. An alarm interface in the cab is required to provide a visual and audible warning when another vehicle, worker, or stationary obstacle is within a preset danger zone around the equipment. Fig. 2. The PWS concept. The advantages of using GPS technology for proximity warnings at mining facilities include (a) the ability to use the existing GPS infrastructure at many mines, (b) the system’s accurate location and tracking abilities, (c) lowtozero occurrence of false alarms, (d) the capability of the system to identify obstacles, and (e) the ability to customize the user interface and warning zones. Development of a GPSbased proximity warning system (PWS) by NIOSH and Trimble began in 2020. Prototypes were tested in an outdoor laboratory setting on passenger vehicles (Holden amp。 Ruff, 2020). Development has progressed over the last 2 years, resulting in a mineready system that was demonstrated at the Phelps Dodge Morenci, copper mining operation in April of 2020. 3. Prototype system . System description 42 A prototype system was constructed to demonstrate that the idea of GPSbased proximity warning was feasible. Readily available ponents were used to keep costs at a minimum. Each system consisted of a laptop puter to:(a) collect, process, and transmit data, (b) run the PWS software, and (c) provide a display for the vehicle PCMCIA wireless work card (IEEE ) was used to municate between laptops. An offtheshelf, 12channel, differential GPS receiver and antenna were used to determine location. A Coast Guard beacon was used to provide differential correction. Two plete systems were mounted in two different passenger cars for dynamic tests. . Test description and results As described in Holden and Ruff (2020), the prototype system went through a series of operational and performance tests using two vehicles—a local vehicle and a remote roving vehicle. The goal of the operational tests was to verify the operation of the various pieces as pared to the defined specifications of the system. These specifications included the ability to set up, control, and monitor the GPS receiver properly, and the ability to send and receive information over a wireless local area work (LAN) connection One key factor was to determine the reliable transmis