【導(dǎo)讀】Theybothapologized---anotherculturalmistake!AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,wasfromJordan.Whenwemetyesterday,hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.Imovedbackabit,buthecameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand.WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor,sherecognizedTonyGarcia'ssmilingface.Theyshookhandandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrancecustomwhenadults

　　

【正文】 來(lái)。（結(jié)合學(xué)生提問(wèn)重點(diǎn)理解“雖與之俱學(xué)，弗若之矣”、“思援弓繳而射之”、“為是其智弗若與”、“雖與之俱學(xué)，弗若之矣”這幾句話。） （ 1）討論“雖與之俱學(xué)，弗若之矣”的原因是什么？從中能得出一個(gè)什么道理？大家談?wù)勛约菏欠裼羞@種經(jīng)歷和體會(huì)。 （ 2）指名說(shuō)說(shuō)“思援弓繳而射之”的意思。你從哪個(gè)詞知道射的是“天鵝”呢？（“之”字。） （ 3）指名說(shuō)說(shuō)“雖與之俱學(xué)，弗若之矣”意思。這句 話中的“之”是指哪個(gè)人。 師：同學(xué)們，你們覺(jué)得奇怪嗎？?jī)蓚€(gè)人一起學(xué)習(xí)，可是學(xué)習(xí)效果卻不相同。用書上的話說(shuō)說(shuō)原因。 指名讀“其一人專心致志，惟弈秋之為聽；一人雖聽之，一心以為有鴻鵠將至，思援弓繳而射之?！? 師范讀，讓學(xué)生體會(huì)怎樣讀聽得更清楚，學(xué)生指出老師停頓的地方然后試著讀讀。 （ 4）”為是其智弗若與？”這句意思是什么？ 師：哪個(gè)詞是第二個(gè)人？這句話該怎么讀呢？指名讀，齊讀。 They both apologi zed another cul tural m i stake! Ahm ed Azi z, another i nternational student, was from Jordan. When we m et yesterday, he m oved very close to m e as I i ntroduced m ysel f. I m oved back a bit, but he cam e cl oser to ask a question and then shook m y hand. When Darl ene Coul on from France cam e dashing through the door, she recogni zed Tony Garci a39。s sm il i ng face. They shook hand and then ki ssed each other twice on each cheek, si nce that i s the France custom when adul ts m eet peopl e they know. Ahm ed Azi z, on the contrary, sim pl y nodded at the gi rl s. Men from Mi ddl e Eastern and other Muslim countri es wi l often stand qui te cl ose to other m en to tal k but wil l usual y not touch wom en. As I get to know m ore international friends, I l earn m ore about this cul tural “body language”. Not al cul tures greet each other the same way, nor are they fortabl e i n the sam e way wi th touchi ng or di stance between people. In the sam e way that peopl e m uni cate with spoken l anguage, they al so express their feelings using unspoken “l(fā) anguage” through physi cal di stance, acti ons or posture. Engli sh peopl e, for exam ple, do not usual y stand very cl ose to others or touch strangers as soon as they m eet. However, peopl e from pl aces l i ke Spain, Ital y or South Ameri can countri es approach others cl osel y and are m ore l i kel y to touch them . Most peopl e around the worl d now greet each other by shaki ng hands, but som e cul tures use other greeti ngs as wel, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow. These acti ons are not god or bad, but are si mpl y ways i n whi ch cul tures have devel oped. I have seen, however, that cul tural customs for body language are very general not al m em bers of a cul ture behave i n the sam e way. In general, though, studyi ng i nternati onal custom s can certai nl y hel p avoid difficul ties in today’s worl d cultural crossroads! Showi ng our feeli ngs Body l anguage i s one of the m ost powerful s of m uni cati on, often even m ore powerful than spoken l anguage. Peopl e around the worl d show al l knds of feeli ngs, wi shes and atti tudes that they m i ght never speak al oud. It i s possi bl e to “read” others around us, even i f they do not i ntend for us to catch thei r unspoken m unicati on. O f course, body l anguage can be mi sread, but m any gestures and acti ons are uni versal . The m ost uni versal faci al expressi on i s, of course, the smi l e – it’s functi on i s to show happi ness and to peopl e at ease. It does not al ways m eans that we are trul y happy, however. Sm il es around the worl d can be fal se, hi di ng other feel i ngs l i ke anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smi l es, such as when som eone “l(fā) oses face” and smi l es to hide i t. H owever, the general purpose of smi li ng i s to show good feeli ngs. From the tim e we are babi e, we show unhappi ness or anger by frowni ng. In m ost pl aces around the worl d, frowni ng and turning one’s back to som eone show anger. Maki ng a fi st and shaking i t al om ost m eans that som eone i s angry and threateni ng another person. There are many ways around the worl d to show agreement, but noddi ng the head up and down s for agreem ent al m ost worl dwi de. Most peopl e al so understand that shaki ng the head from si de to si de m eans di sagreem ent or refusal . H ow about showi ng that I am bored? Looki ng away from peopl e or yawni ng wil , i n most cases, m ake m e appear to be uni nterested. H owever, i f I turn toward and l ook at som eone or som ethi ng, peopl e from alm ost every cul ture wi l thi nk that I am i nterested. If I rol l m y eyes and turn m y head away, I m ost li kel y do not bel i eve what I am heari ng or do not li ke i t. Bei ng respectful to peopl e i s subjective, besed on each cul ture, but i n general i t is probabl y not a good i dea to gi ve a hug to a boss or teacher. In alm ost every cul ture, i t is not usual y good to stand too cl ose to som eone of a hi gher rank. Standi ng at a li ttl e di stance with open hands wi l show that I am wil li ng to li sten. Wi th so many cul tural di fferences between peopl e, i t i s great to have som e si mi l ari ti es i n body l anguage. We can ofen be wrong about each other, so i t i s an am azing thi ng that we understand each others as wel l as we do! TH E O PEN H AN DA UN ICERSAL SIGN When m eeti ng peopl e at the ai rport, most people sm il e and shake hands wi th peopl e they m eet. We know that smi l e i s usual y a sign that peopl e feel friendl y and happy, but what if we don’t know who the new person is? What if we are not introduced by a fri end? What i f we are m eeti ng a stranger i n a unfami li ar place? Som etim es people are dangerous and humans have to fi nd ways to protect them sel ves. We have to m ake sure we can trust peopl e we don’t know, and we have to show that we are not dangerous. Showi ng our hands m eans that we are not arm ed. In m any cul tures today, the Western custom of shaki ng hands i s used. We use our right hand, whi ch is usual y strong than the left one. If we are usi ng our hand this way, i n cannot be hol di ng a kni fe or a gun. It shows that we trust the other person, and that the other person can trust us. N ot al l cul tures use the handshake, and peopl e i n m any Asian cul tures do not al ways touch another person. The tradi ti onal greeti ng i n Chi na was to cover the l eft hand wi th th