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【正文】 e Spring Framework is criticized by some as not being standards pliant. However, Spring Source doesn39。t see EJB3 pliance as a major goal, and claims that the Spring Framework and the container allow for more powerful programming models. Aspectoriented programming framework The Spring Framework has its own AOP framework which modularizes crosscutting concerns in aspects. The motivation for creating a separate AOP framework es from the belief that it would be possible to provide basic AOP features without too much plexity in either design, implementation, or configuration. The SAOP framework also takes full advantage of the Spring Container. The Spring AOP framework is interception based, and is configured at runtime. This removes the need for a pilation step or loadtime weaving. On the other hand, interception only allows for public or protected method execution on existing objects at a join point. Compared to the AspectJ framework, Spring AOP is less powerful but also less plicated. Spring includes support to configure AspectJ aspects in the container. Spring added more integration with AspectJ。 for example, the pointcut language is reused and can be mixed with SpAOPbased aspects. Further, Spring added a Spring Aspects library which uses AspectJ to offer mon Spring features such as declarative transaction management and dependency injection via AspectJ piletime or loadtime weaving. Spring Source also uses AspectJ for AOP in other Spring projects such as Spring Roo and Spring Insight, with Spring Security also offering an AspectJbased aspect library. Spring AOP has been designed to make it able to work with crosscutting concerns inside the Spring Framework. Any object which is created and configured by the container can be enriched using Spring AOP. The Spring Framework uses Spring AOP internally for transaction management, security, remote access, and JMX. Since version of the framework, Spring provides two approaches to the AOP configuration:schemabased approach.@AspectJbased annotation style. The Spring team decided not to introduce new AOPrelated terminology。 therefore, in the Spring reference documentation and API, terms such as aspect, join point, advice, pointcut, introduction, target object (advised object), AOP proxy, and weaving all have the same meanings as in most other AOP frameworks (particularly AspectJ). Data access framework Spring39。s data access framework addresses mon difficulties developers face when working with databases in applications. Support is provided for all popular data access frameworks in Java: JDBC, iBatis, Hibernate, JDO, JPA, Oracle Top Link, Apache OJB, and Apache Cayenne, among others. For all of these supported frameworks, Spring provides these features: Resource management automatically acquiring and releasing database resources Exception handling translating data access related exception to a Spring data access hierarchy Transaction participation transparent participation in ongoing transactions Resource unwrapping retrieving database objects from connection pool wrappers Abstraction for BLOB and CLOB handling All these features bee available when using Template classes provided by Spring for each supported framework. Critics say these Template classes are intrusive and offer no advantage over using (for example) the Hibernate API.. directly. In response, the Spring developers have made it possible to use the Hibernate and JPA APIs directly. This however requires transparent transaction management, as application code no longer assumes the responsibility to obtain and close database resources, and does not support exception translation. Together with Spring39。s transaction management, its data access framework offers a flexible abstraction for working with data access frameworks. The Spring Framework doesn39。t offer a mon data access API。 instead, the full power of the supported APIs is kept intact. The Spring Framework is the only framework available in Java which offers managed data access environments outside of an application server or container. While using Spring for transaction management with Hibernate, the following beans may have to be configured. Transaction management framework Spring39。s transaction management framework brings an abstraction mechanism to the Java platform. Its abstraction is capable of working with local and global transactions (local transaction does not require an application server).working with nested transactions working with transaction safe points working in almost all environments of the Java platform In parison, JTA only supports nested transactions and global transactions, and requires an application server (and in some cases also deployment of applications in an application server). The Spring Framework ships a Platform Transaction Manager for a number of transaction management strategies: Transactions managed on a JDBC Connection Transactions managed on Objectrelational mapping Units of Work Transactions managed via the JTA Transaction Manager and User Transaction Transactions managed on other resources, like object databases Next to this abstraction mechanism the framework also provides two ways of adding transaction management to applications: Programmatically, by using Spring39。s Transaction Template Configuratively, by using metadata like XML or Java 5 annotations Together with Spring39。s data access framework — which integrates the transaction management framework — it is possible to set up a transactional system through configuration without having to rely on JTA or EJB. The transactional framework also integrates with messaging and caching engines. The BoneCP Spring/Hibernate page contains a full example project of Spring used in conjunction with Hibernate. Modelviewcontroller framework The Spring Framework fea