【導(dǎo)讀】息息相關(guān)，還對(duì)我們的生活和生產(chǎn)起著至關(guān)重要的影響。靠性和運(yùn)行效率。從而達(dá)到降低生產(chǎn)成本提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。眾所周知，電能是發(fā)展。國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，是一種無形的、不能大量存儲(chǔ)的二次能源。電能的發(fā)、變、送、配電。和用電，幾乎是在同一時(shí)間完成的，須相互協(xié)調(diào)與平衡。變電和配電是為了電能的傳輸。電所在供電系統(tǒng)中的作用是不言而語(yǔ)的。與可靠性以及綜合自動(dòng)化程度，以滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的社會(huì)需求是電力企業(yè)的首要目標(biāo)。做為發(fā)電廠和用戶的中間環(huán)節(jié)，變換和分配電能的重要組成部分，將面。新中國(guó)成立后的50多年中，電力工業(yè)以很高的速度發(fā)展，取得了世人矚目的成就。相比增長(zhǎng)了58倍。現(xiàn)裝機(jī)容量8年翻一番，終于緩解了近50年的持續(xù)缺電局面，使電力供應(yīng)有所緩和。高工作效率,降低項(xiàng)目實(shí)施不確定性,加快工程建設(shè)進(jìn)度,降低將來運(yùn)行成本。調(diào)研活動(dòng)及其資料的收集，完成開題報(bào)告。3-5周短路電流計(jì)算，選擇各級(jí)導(dǎo)線型號(hào)和截面，選擇一次電氣設(shè)備。

　　

【正文】 gether with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire should have non check of transfer to fix, non breakdown segment ability for non check fixs, The non breakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zha operation for time. 3)Ask to satisfy a following principle while allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire breakdown to make the customer the power is off: ① The customer of two back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock. ② The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 5070% is used an electricity. ③ When all of a back track or much customer39。s the power of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask. ④ At wreath power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath work, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath is to need to pass charged barbed wire operation instauration Power supply of time, its target time need for operating of ask。It is the power supply that passes to go together with automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lmin to go together with automation circuit. (3)Power supply ability and safety 1)Of each electric voltage layer capacity in the city , press definitely change the electric capacity carry to pare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage changes the electric capacity carry pare satisfy the upper limit request that current 《 electric power in the city programming design lead 》 stipulates. According to 2021 national economy trade mittee promulgation of electric power profession standard 《 electric power system safety stability lead 》 middle finger: standard is under the normal movement method of the any ponent(is like circuit, generator, and transformer...etc.) in the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system should Can keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other ponents however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the is usually called N. one standard. The charged barbed wire power supply safe standard has:Nl standard and quasi N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards. City39。s going together with the power supply safety of charged barbed wire to usually request is to adopt N one one is one 2 standards to have already adopted quasi N as well at the power supply safety specially important place one 2 standards or Ns. 2)Medium press and go together with charged barbed wire and have certain back up capacity, generally should have 50% Yu degrees, while being any ponent check and fixing and breaking down and stopping and carrying should pass and pour a Zha operation can keep a segment the customer continue toward the customer or non trouble power supply, go together with each ponent of charged barbed wire while transfering burden however carry, unlimited two set lords hanpen that the power is off at the same time,that is used circuit should adjust above 60% burden. 譯文： 城市電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的最基本要求是安全與穩(wěn)定。城市電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定的核心問題是要建立一個(gè)與該城市相適應(yīng)的、合理的電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。本文通過對(duì)電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃和電力設(shè)計(jì)方面的技術(shù)原則分析。闡述了在電網(wǎng)安全中關(guān)于電壓等級(jí)、供電可靠性、供電能力 以及電網(wǎng)安全供電的準(zhǔn)則要求等方面應(yīng)注意的一些問題；以及有針對(duì)性的闡述了對(duì) 220kV變電站和110kV變電站的具體設(shè)計(jì)原則相對(duì)電網(wǎng)安全供電的要求。 如何保證供電可靠性 1)滿足電網(wǎng)供電安全準(zhǔn)則。供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)滿足供電可靠性的要求。全部滿足 N— l的準(zhǔn)則，城區(qū)中心高負(fù)荷密度區(qū)域重要用戶滿足 N2的準(zhǔn)則。不允許變壓器過載。濟(jì)南城網(wǎng)供電可靠率指標(biāo)規(guī)劃目標(biāo)為 99． 99％。 2)城市中壓配電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)移能力滿足以下要求： ①變電站失去任何一回進(jìn)線或一臺(tái)主變壓器而降低供電能力時(shí)，中壓配電網(wǎng)具有轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷確保供電的能力。 ②變電站的一 段母線因放停運(yùn)時(shí)，中壓配電網(wǎng)應(yīng)具有轉(zhuǎn)移全部負(fù)荷的能力。 ③ 10kV配電線路任何一段檢修或故障時(shí)，配電網(wǎng)應(yīng)具備轉(zhuǎn)移非檢修、非故障段負(fù)荷的能力。非檢修、非故障段負(fù)荷停電時(shí)間僅為配電設(shè)備倒閘操作時(shí)間。 3)配電網(wǎng)故障造成用戶停電時(shí)，允許停電的容量和恢復(fù)供電的目標(biāo)時(shí)問滿足以下原則： ①兩回路供電的用戶，失去一條回路后，應(yīng)不限電。 ②三回路供電的用戶，失去一條回路后，應(yīng)不限電，再失去一條回路后，應(yīng)滿足供電容量 5070％用電。 ③一回路或多回路供電的用戶電源全停時(shí)，恢復(fù)供電的目標(biāo)時(shí)間為一回路故障處理恢復(fù)的時(shí)問。 ④在 環(huán)網(wǎng)供電方式中對(duì)于開環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的用戶，環(huán)網(wǎng)故障時(shí)的最低恢復(fù)供電要求是需通過電網(wǎng)操作恢復(fù)供電的時(shí)間，其目標(biāo)時(shí)間為操作所需的時(shí)問；配網(wǎng)自動(dòng)化線路是通過配網(wǎng)自動(dòng)化限制在 lmin內(nèi)恢復(fù)完好區(qū)段的供電。 (3)供電能力和安全性 1)城網(wǎng)中各電壓層網(wǎng)容量之間，按一定的變電容載比配置，各級(jí)電壓網(wǎng)變電容載比滿足現(xiàn)行《城市電力網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則》規(guī)定的上限要求。根據(jù) 2021年國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)頒布的電力行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定導(dǎo)則》中指出： N． 1準(zhǔn)則為正常運(yùn)行方式下的電力系統(tǒng)中任一元件 (如線路、發(fā)電機(jī)、變壓器等 )無故障或因故障斷 開，電力系統(tǒng)應(yīng)能保持穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和正常供電，其他元件不過負(fù)荷，電壓和頻率均在允許范圍內(nèi)。這通常稱為 N． 1準(zhǔn)則。電網(wǎng)供電安全準(zhǔn)則有： N— l準(zhǔn)則、準(zhǔn) N一 2準(zhǔn)則和 N一 2準(zhǔn)則。城市配電網(wǎng)的供電安全通常要求是采用 N一 1準(zhǔn)則。在供電安全特別重要的地方也有采用準(zhǔn) N一 2準(zhǔn)則或 N一 2準(zhǔn)則。 2)中壓配電網(wǎng)具有一定的備用容量，一般應(yīng)有 50％裕度，當(dāng)任一元件檢修和故障停運(yùn)時(shí)，應(yīng)通過倒閘操作能保持向用戶或非事故段用戶繼續(xù)供電，轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷時(shí)配電網(wǎng)的各元件不過負(fù)荷、不限電。變電站兩臺(tái)主變同時(shí)停電時(shí)，公用線路應(yīng)調(diào)出 60％以上負(fù)荷。