【導(dǎo)讀】彩鋼瓦是涂有色彩的鋼板或彩卷通過輥壓冷彎成各種波型的壓型板。廣泛用于工業(yè)和民用建筑、倉(cāng)庫(kù)、大跨度的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)房屋的墻面、屋頂?shù)?。將平板軋制成所需的截面形狀的塑性加工設(shè)備。當(dāng)卷料通過設(shè)備時(shí)，矯直。切，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制，完成生產(chǎn)信息化管理。本文通過對(duì)彩鋼瓦成型裝備的。的計(jì)算及電機(jī)選型、軋輥的設(shè)計(jì)。

　　

【正文】 n , but cannot exceed . ? Bend allowance The length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. The bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 36 ? Bend deduction Also called the bend pensation, the amount a piece of material has been stretched by bending. The value equals the difference between the mold line lengths and the total flat length. When bending a piece of sheet metal, the residual stresses in the material will cause the sheet to spring back slightly after the bending operation. Due to this elastic recovery, it is necessary to overbend the sheet a precise amount to achieve the desired bend radius and bend angle. The final bend radius will be greater than initially formed and the final bend angle will be smaller. The ratio of the final bend angle to the initial bend angle is defined as the spring back factor, KS. The amount of spring back depends upon several factors, including the material, bending operation, and the initial bend angle and bend radius. Bending is typically performed on a machine called a press brake, which can be manually or automatically operated. For this reason, the bending process is sometimes referred to as press brake forming. Press brakes are available in a range of sizes (monly 20200 tons) in order to best suit the given application. A press brake contains an upper tool called the punch and a lower tool called the die, between which the sheet metal is located. The sheet is carefully positioned over the die and held in place by the back gauge while the punch lowers and forces the sheet to bend. In an automatic machine, the punch is forced into the sheet under the power of a hydraulic ram. The bend angle achieved is determined by the depth to which the punch forces the sheet into the die. This depth is precisely controlled to achieve the desired bend. Standard tooling is often used for the punch and die, allowing a low initial cost and suitability for low volume production. Custom tooling can be used for specialized bending operations but will add to the cost. The tooling ma terial is chosen based upon the production quantity, sheet metal material, and degree of bending. Naturally, a stronger tool is required to endure larger quantities, harder sheet metal, and severe bending operations. In order of increasing strength, some mon tooling materials include hardwood, low carbon steel, tool steel, and carbide steel. 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 37 While using a press brake and standard die sets, there are still a variety of techniques that can be used to bend the sheet. The most mon method is known as Vbending, in which the punch and die are V shaped. The punch pushes the sheet into the V shaped groove in the Vdie, causing it to bend. If the punch does not force the sheet to the bottom of the die cavity, leaving space or air underneath, it is called air bending. As a result, the Vgroove must have a sharper angle than the angle being formed in the sheet. If the punch forces the sheet to the bottom of the die cavity, it is called bottoming. This technique allows for more control over the angle becaus e there is less spring back. However, a higher tonnage press is required. In both techniques, the width of the V shaped groove, or die opening, is typically 6 to 18 times the sheet thickness. This value is referred to as the die ratio and is equal to the die opening divided by the sheet thickness. In addition to Vbending, another mon bending method is wipe bending, sometimes called edge bending. Wipe bending requires the sheet to be held against the wipe die by a pressure pad. The punch then presses a gainst the edge of the sheet that extends beyond the die and pad. The sheet will bend against the radius of the edge of the wipe die. Wipe Bending Design rules ? Bend location A bend should be located where enough material is present, and preferably with straight edges, for the sheet to be secured without slipping. The width of this flange should be equal to at least 4 times the sheet thickness plus the bend radius. ? Bend radius ? Use a single bend radius for all bends to eliminate additional tooling or setups ? Inside bend radius should equal at least the sheet thickness ? Bend direction Bending hard metals parallel to the rolling direction of the sheet may lead to fracture. Bending perpendicular to the rolling direction is remended. 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 38 ? Any features, such as holes or slots, located too close to a bend may be distorted. The distance of such features from the bend should be equal to at least 3 times the sheet thickness plus the bending radius. ? In the case of manual bending, if the design allows, a slot can be cut along the bend line to reduce the manual force required. 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 39 彎曲成型 彎曲是一種金屬成形過程中， 將力施加到一塊 金屬 板上 ，使其彎曲在一個(gè)角度，形成所需的形狀。彎曲操作造成沿 軸向 變形，但 一系列 不同的操作可以 生產(chǎn) 一個(gè)復(fù)雜的部分 截面 。彎曲的部分可以很小，比如支架，或高達(dá) 20 英尺的長(zhǎng)度，如一個(gè)大的外殼或機(jī)箱 。 彎曲的特點(diǎn)可以用不同的參數(shù) 。 在兩個(gè)金屬板的拉伸和壓縮彎曲過程中。板材的外側(cè)部分將 進(jìn)行到一個(gè)更大的長(zhǎng)度的張力和彈力，而內(nèi)側(cè)部分經(jīng)歷壓縮和縮短。 在中性軸內(nèi)的金屬薄板的邊界線，沿?zé)o張力或壓縮力是存在的。 其結(jié)果是，該軸的長(zhǎng)度保持不變。對(duì)外部和內(nèi)部表面的長(zhǎng)度的變化，可以與原來的單位長(zhǎng)度的兩個(gè)參數(shù)，折彎系數(shù)，折彎扣除，其定義如下 ： ?中性軸 負(fù)債表中的位置，既不拉伸也不壓縮，因此保持在一個(gè)恒定的長(zhǎng)度。 ?K因子 在材料中的中性軸的位置，計(jì)算作為中性軸（從內(nèi)側(cè)彎曲表面測(cè)量）的材料厚度的距離的比值。 K 因子是依賴于幾個(gè)因素（材料，彎曲操作，彎曲角度等），通常是大于 ，但不能超過 。 ?彎曲津貼 中性軸的長(zhǎng)度之間的彎折線，或者換句話說，轉(zhuǎn)彎的弧長(zhǎng)。添加到凸緣的長(zhǎng)度的彎曲余量總平面的長(zhǎng)度相等。 ?彎曲扣 也稱為彎曲補(bǔ)償，金額已經(jīng)捉襟見肘一塊材料彎曲。該值等于模具線的長(zhǎng)度和總的平面長(zhǎng)度之間的差異。 金屬板彎曲時(shí)，在材料中的殘余應(yīng)力將導(dǎo)致板材后稍微回彈彎曲操作。由于該彈性恢復(fù)，這是必要的過度彎折的板材的一個(gè)精確的量，以達(dá)到所需的彎曲半徑和彎曲角度。最終的彎曲半徑將大于初步形成的最終彎曲角度會(huì)更小。最終的彎曲角度之比被定義為初始的彎曲角度的回彈因子， KS?；貜椓咳Q于幾個(gè)因素，包括材 料，彎曲操作，和初始的彎曲角度和彎曲半徑 彎曲通常是對(duì)一臺(tái)機(jī)器稱為折彎?rùn)C(jī)，可手動(dòng)或自動(dòng)操作。為此，彎曲過程中有時(shí)被稱為折彎成形。折彎?rùn)C(jī)有一系列的尺寸（通常 20200 噸）為最適合特定的應(yīng)用。 壓彎?rùn)C(jī)包含一個(gè)稱為沖頭和下部的工具，稱為電路小片之間的金屬板位于上部工具。板材被小心地定位在模具中，并保持在位洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 40 置上后擋，而沖頭下降，迫