【導(dǎo)讀】解釋也模棱兩可。而小說(shuō)中主人翁桑提亞哥和生存環(huán)境、大海、鯊魚(yú)、小孩等角。者更好的理解這部作品。KeyWords：ErnestHemingway；thesymbolicfactors；icebergtheory；theliving

　　

【正文】 ar I had broken out, Hemingway joined the service army of American Red Cross Society. Then he was seriously injured an exploding bomb in a night. Later, he was throwing himself into the Italy war .After 11 the war, Hemingway was granted a silver medal. Along with the glory, many pieces of scars and indelibly demonic memory of war were deeply engraved in his body and mind. It was said that when Hemingway returned home, neither did he wants to find a job, nor did he wants to study in a university. He confined himself to exhaustion, dissatisfaction and annoyance. However, he never loses hope for his life and career, so he continues to writing. Hemingway did not get any glory until the appearance of the Old Man and the Sea. In the novel, the author explains to us that we should not hate the world we are in, although it is cruel sometimes like the sea. Therefore, both the Santiago and Hemingway show to us that the world is cruel but worth fighting for. Man should fight in his battle for the dream, no matter he is in good condition or not, Hemingway thinks that the society is beautiful whenever it offers you treasures or dangers. Never lose hope and plain to the world, but win your honor with your fight. Hemingway′s attitude towards the enemy reflected by the symbol of sharks Sharks are the evil force in the novel, but in Hemingway′s view, the sharks symbolize the reviewers and reporters. Those people are always menting all the published literary works, which is the same with the sharks eating up the marlin together. However, the critics and reporters are different respectively. In the novel, the author distinguishes them into two categories—the first ones win the author′s respect, the later ones suffer despise. After the old man catches the big marlin, he sees two kinds of sharks. The sharks that e first are different from the other sharks which eat up the old man′s marlin. Hemingway describes the first sharks as warriors, huge, powerful and beautiful. The first sharks symbolize the perating critics. Their real meaningful ments are good to the maturity of the author, which is like the liver oil of the sharks with a bad smell but is helpful to the eyes. We can see that Hemingway respects the first ones who dare to hold a battle with him. The other kinds of reporters like the later sharks which are the malicious sharks. Compared with the first ones, they 12 are small, ugly and cold－ blood . And they are the true evil force and they can attack the human being. For the author, the later sharks symbolize the reporters who e up to talk Hemingway′s failure. Hemingway hates these who have no thought but just follow other′s opinions to show their intelligence. Hemingway′s attitude towards the achievements reflected by the symbol of marlin. The marlin is achievement for the old man. It reflects Hemingway′s attitude towards the achievement in his life. When the old man has not fished any fish for a long time, or he is far away from the achievement for some reasons, he does not feel depressed or give up fishing. Like the old man, Hemingway also does not give up, when all of the people think he has ran out of ability. He protects his achievements through confidence. In addition, the skeleton of the marlin stands for the spiritual victory of the old man, which is the symbol of daring to face the failure and death. Although in the end of the story, the marlin is eaten up by the sharks, so it is no longer the huge achievement but the old man still holds his confidence to go fishing again. Maybe the skeleton means nothing for the other people, yet it is the spiritual victory of the old man. In Hemingway ′s opinion, the real victory of the life is spiritual victory. The most important achievement of life is spiritual victory which will be achieved with the courage to confront with the failure and the death. The reality that he caught the fish stands for a process of struggling with the death, which is the challenge to the limited life. In terms of Hemingway, that is the real achievement of the life. We can get this kind of achievement only through uncertain dangers, even the death. In addition, he thinks that the only life value is to face the death. So he thinks the real achievement in the life is to have the courage to face the death. 13 4 Conclusion In this novel, the use of symbolism has played an important role in revealing the theme of the story. For example, the old man is the bet representative of the unyielding character and optimism, the sea represents the environment where Hemingway lives, and the marlin symbolizes his achievement and also hid dreams. And sharks, lions, all have symbolic meaning respectively. One can get different kinds of interpretations in accordance with a variety of points of views. In addition, by using symbolism Hemingway succeeded in reaching his goal of conveying the main theme of the story－ courage is a way leading to success. In other words, a man can be destroyed but not be defeated. The Old Man and the Sea is highly praised by the readers and critics for the successful use of symbolism. The studying of the use of symbolism not only reveals the theme of the spirit of optimism, but also express the ideal－ there is hope in our life forever. ” 14 Works Cited （ 1） Baker, Carlos Earnest Hemingway: A life story. New York: scriber, 1969. （ 2） Luo xuejuan The artistic writing style and Hemingway’s unyielding character in The old man and the sea[National Alities research in Qinghai] （ 3） Wang ailing Brief Analysis of Hemingway’s literary through journal of Zhengzhou institute of Aeronautical industry management (social science edition) （ 4）蔡鳳鳴 .老人與海的象征意義及語(yǔ)言特色 .貴陽(yáng)師專(zhuān)學(xué)報(bào)， 2020. （ 5）海觀 . 海明威 .老人與海 上海譯文出版社 1979. （