畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--隧道工程docx-公路隧道-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-05-11 23:15本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】度要遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)它的寬度及高度。幾百年來(lái)，人類為了各種各樣的用途在地下挖掘了。通信交流、電力傳輸及交通運(yùn)輸。超過(guò)五公里的有二十多條，超過(guò)十公里的有三條。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成功的在地理環(huán)境惡。在中國(guó)的大陸地區(qū)，已經(jīng)有總長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)2500公里的5300條鐵路隧道，迄。今為止，在世界上排名第一。在中國(guó)、盡管高速公路大量建設(shè)的興起時(shí)間要比鐵。路隧道數(shù)量的快速增加。目前、中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的鐵路隧道是位于四川省境內(nèi)的全長(zhǎng)。正在設(shè)計(jì)及規(guī)劃之中。例如，一條位于福建省的邢奎隧道，總長(zhǎng)約。由中國(guó)的公司設(shè)計(jì)和建造。在北京、上海、廣州和南京等五個(gè)城市有超過(guò)100公。在上海地鐵及廣州地鐵的建設(shè)中，隧道及車站的施工技術(shù)。的應(yīng)用，已有長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)400公里的隧道400多條，而且有超過(guò)40個(gè)地下發(fā)電站。他們被廣泛應(yīng)用于中國(guó)的隧道工程和地鐵工程中。由于這些原因，在項(xiàng)目預(yù)備挖掘階段要進(jìn)行廣泛而深入的。我們有理由相信，在中國(guó)隧道技術(shù)將在不久的將來(lái)有巨大
【正文】 9 important. Doubling the diameter of a tunnel requires removing four times as much soil or rock, the surface area of the tunnel is doubled and the forces of the soil or rock are now over twice. So the use of supporting structures is much more important in large tunnels than in smaller ones. Often, in case where tunnels are to be driven into rock of questionable petence, very small tunnels are driven first and then carefully enlarged and supported as shown in . Fig. 5 Pilot Tunneling in Mediumhard Rock (Source: Photo provided by , 2020) With respect to shielddriven tunnels often used in soft soils, the structures of the tunnels are all follows。 . Circle structures This type of shielddriven tunnel is widely used in constructing metros in soft ground and has a number of advantages pared with other types of structures. First and foremost, the circle structure is more economical and very convenient in construction. The driving shield machines are easy to be made and operated and more reasonable in distribution of internal forces pared with other structure shapes. . Rectangular and horseshoe structures This type of structure is not widely adopted since it is more plicated and expensive. Furthermore, the distribution of internal forces is not simple either. . DOT structures The DOT structures shield has just e to Shanghai and will be used widely in the construction of metros. illustrates the structure of it. 附錄一 中英文翻譯 10 Fig. 6 Structure of DOT Shield (Source: Photo provided by , 2020) 3. Future Development Owing to the high level of economic development and huge investments in infrastructures in China, the construction of extra long tunnels and large underground works will be needed in future. Key future projects include the Qiongzhou Strait Tunnel in Hainan, the crossing project of bridges and tunnels in Bohai Gulf with some highway tunnels longer than 10km, metros in more than 20 cities, Xiluodu Hydro Power station, Jingping Hydro power station and Shanghai Chongming big tunnel etc. The construction of these projects not only brings new opportunities for the tunneling industry, but also presents a challenge to engineers in China. It is believed that the tunneling technique in China will have great advances in near future.
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