【導(dǎo)讀】旋渦隧道溢洪道。M.A.戈藍，B.zhivotovskii，我·諾維科娃，V.B.羅季奧諾夫，和NN羅薩娜。隧道式溢洪道，廣泛應(yīng)用于中、高壓液壓工程。定最佳的和可靠的溢洪道結(jié)構(gòu)。有鑒于此，我們希望引起讀者的注意，基本上是。新的概念，利用旋渦流溢洪道[1，2，3，4]。這些類型的溢洪道可能大規(guī)模的耗散的動能的流動的尾段。因此，流量稍渦旋式。和軸向流經(jīng)溢洪道的尾端，不會產(chǎn)生汽蝕損害。另一方面，在危險的影響下，高。tel'mamskii，和tupolangskii液壓工程的基礎(chǔ)上存在的不同的經(jīng)營原則現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)可能是分為以下基本組：。的研究的直徑和高度的隧道；參看。圖1），而橫截面的隧道是圓或近圓其整個。量的尾管可能涉及可以使用overflowtype或自由落體式結(jié)構(gòu)。前可用于計算液壓阻力的路線和流動率，渦旋式流量和壓力。然而，每一個實際。入口的設(shè)計是根據(jù)設(shè)計規(guī)范。此外，在實驗中使用的模型，有增加指出在角度的旋轉(zhuǎn)流。流動率是需要采用特殊的保護措施的流線型表面溢洪道避免氣蝕損傷。這臺標記的大小取決于該escapage

　　

【正文】 ater flow and transformed the flow into a rotation node (Fig. 7). Stable vortextype flow with a peripheral water ring and internal gasvapor core is formed beyond the tangential vortex generator. Due to asymmetric delivery of water into the vortex generator in the initial segments, the core of the flow is noncircular and situated away from the center of the cross section. Throughout the length of the initial cylindrical segment of the conduit, the gasvapor core possesses a wavelike curved axis which coincides with the axis of the tunnel even as close as 10dx from the axis of the shaft. As nonaerated flow enters the tailrace conduit through the rotation node, a vacuumgauge pressure is established in the gasvapor core, and in the case of highly aerated flow, gauge pressure, The reduction in pressure in the gasvapor core is associated with the effect of centrifugal forces in vortextype flow, while an increase in pressure is associated with nearly plete release of air from the aerated flow into the core induced by the transport of air bubbles from the periphery to the center under the effect of the pressure gradient. For a tailrace conduit with cylindrical initial segment, the free area downstream increases from in the section at a distance from the axis of the shaft to in the section at a distance , while the angle of flow rotation and the axial and circumferential flow rates all decrease. In the case of a conical initial segment, the relative area of the gasvapor core decreases from to over the length of the conical segment, while the angle of flow rotation decreases to between onehalf and twothirds its initial value over this segment. A characteristic feature of the construction that is being proposed in the present article is the presence of an energy dissipation chamber in which vortextype flow experiences an abrupt expansion and is rapidly transformed into axial flow if the discharge of flow from the tailrace tunnel is directed into the atmosphere. Equality of the centrifugal acceleration to the free fall acceleration is an essential condition for breakdown of the vortex structure of the flow in the tunnel. Once equality is achieved, the mass of water traveling along the roof of the tunnel caves in, and mixes easily with the air in the flow core. The transformation of vortexlike flow into axial flow that occurs here is acpanied by significant dissipation of energy. The rate of energy dissipation differs between the two versions that are being considered here (Fig. 8). In the case of a cylindrical initial segment, energy dissipation occurs smoothly, with only 60% of the initial energy of the flow dissipating over a distance of 15dw (Fig. 8a). In a system with a conical vortex generator and energy dissipation chamber behind the generator, 86% of the initial energy of the flow dissipates as it travels through this segment, CONCLUSIONS Application of the constructions ot vortex tunnel spillways that we have considered enable us to ensure effective dissipation of the excess kiic energy and overall reliability of the structure. The operating reliability of vortex spillways that are based on energy dissipation in the tailrace tunnel in accordance with the schemes that have been considered in the present article is confirmed by the fact that the pressure fluctuations and the intensity of the turbulence dissipate smoothly throughout the tunnel and by the fact that these quantities are low level at the point of discharge of the flow into the lower pond. The conditions imposed by the configuration of a vortex spillway that is part of a hydraulic project are of decisive importance in deciding which energy dissipation scheme to adopt.