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【正文】 ，“混合容易與空氣中的流動(dòng)的核心。改造旋渦狀流入軸向流發(fā)生 。 這 時(shí) 伴隨著顯著的能量耗散。在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)錐形渦發(fā)生器和消能室后面的發(fā)電機(jī)， 86%的初始能量的流動(dòng)消散 ，因?yàn)樗┻^(guò)這段。分布的靜態(tài)壓力的軸是幾乎相同的版本。分布的靜態(tài)壓力在水洞 中 取決于設(shè)計(jì)的隧道和流動(dòng)程度的旋轉(zhuǎn)。系統(tǒng)的越來(lái)越多的能量耗散 。 結(jié)論 我們考慮了溢洪道使我們有效的保證耗散過(guò)剩的動(dòng)能和結(jié)構(gòu)整體可靠性。運(yùn)行可靠性的基礎(chǔ)上，渦溢洪道消能在水洞中 設(shè)計(jì) ，被認(rèn)為在目前的文章 中 證實(shí)了這一事實(shí)，壓力波動(dòng)和強(qiáng)度的湍流耗散順利整個(gè)隧道，這些數(shù)量的低水平點(diǎn)放電的流動(dòng)到下一池。強(qiáng)行配置一個(gè)旋流泄，是一個(gè)水利工程決定性的 條件 。 Hydrotechnical Construction, Vol. 29, No. 9, 1995 VORTEXTUNNEL SPILLWAYS. HYDRAULIC OPERATING CONDITIONS M. A. Galant, B. A. Zhivotovskii, I. S. Novikova, V. B. Rodionov, and N. N. Rozanova Tunnel spillways are widely used in medium and highpressure hydraulic works. It is therefore an important and pressing task to improve the constructions used in these types of spillways and to develop optimal and reliable spillway structures. With this in mind, we would like to turn the reader39。s attention to essentially novel (., in terms of configuration and operating conditions) vortex spillways which utilize vortextype flows [1, 2, 3, 4]. On the one hand, these types of spillways make possible largescale dissipation of the kiic energy of the flow on the initial leg of the tailrace segment, and, as a consequence, flow rates of slightly vortextype and axial flows through the subsequent legs that do not produce cavitation damage. On the other hand, the dangerous effect of high flow rates on the streamlined surface decreases over the length of the initial tailrace leg as a consequence of the increased pressure on the wall caused by the effect of centrifugal forces. A number of structural studies of tunnel spillways for hydraulic works such as the Rogunskii, Teri, Tel39。mamskii, and Tupolangskii hydraulic works based on different operating principles have now been pleted. These constructions may be divided into the following basic groups: vortextype (or socalled singlevortex type) spillways with smooth dissipation of the flow energy throughout the length of the tunnel when L r (60 80)hT or (60 80)dT (where dT and hT are the diameter and height of the tunnel。 cf. Fig. 1), while the crosssection of the tunnel is either circular or nearcircular throughout its length. vortextype spillways with increasingly greater dissipation of the energy of the vortextype flow over a shorter length Lr (60 80)hT of a noncircular section river diversion tunnel (horseshoeshaped, square, triangular) which is connected to the eddy chamber either by means of an energydissipation (expansion) chamber (Fig. 2) [5, 6] or by means of a smooth transition leg [7]。 spillways with two or more interacting vortextype flows in energydissipation discharge chambers [8] or in special energy dissipators that have been termed countervortex energy dissipators [2, 4]. The terminal portion of the tailrace tunnel of a vortex spillway may be constructed in the form of a skijump bucket, a stilling basin, or special structures depending on the flow rate at the exit from the tunnel and on the conditions in the channel downstream. The hydraulic system used to link the flow to the tailrace canal may involve the use of either overflowtype or freefall type structures. Vortex spillways with smooth or accelerated [7] dissipation of energy over the entire length of the water conduit represent the simplest and most promising types of hydraulic structures. Techniques of designing vortex spillways have now been developed and published in numerous studies [2, 7, 8]。 in particular, techniques are now available for calculating the hydraulic resistance of individual legs of a route and the flow rates and pressures in vortextype flow. However, for each actual hydraulic project a designed structure must also be evaluated by means of model inve
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