【導(dǎo)讀】但取消了此部分知識點的考查并不意味著英語語法等基礎(chǔ)知識的不重要。語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和理解，有助于學生掌握靈活多變的句式，這樣不僅有助于學生做好閱讀理解，而且有助于學生做好英譯漢，寫好作文。因此，我們在此編寫了有關(guān)重點語法的知識點，并將陸。續(xù)登出，同時將刊登一些試題。希望同學們認真掌握，切不可因不靠它們而忽視了對英語基礎(chǔ)知。情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;1．表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。2）can’t/couldn’thave+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的否定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定沒??”。3)oughttohave+過去分詞，表示動作按理該發(fā)生了，但實際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該??”，與should. ought/should/have+過去分詞用法相似。既然航班已經(jīng)取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。4）．should除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，考研大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。1．want,require,worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動意義。

　　

【正文】 only after, only because。如： Only when you have obtained sufficient data e to a sound conclusion. [A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can 3．以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝： often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time。如： So involved with their puters that leaders at summer puter camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. [A]became the children [B]bee the children [C]had the children bee [D]do the children bee (2020年考研題，答案為 D) 4．比較從句的倒裝： as, than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（不倒裝也可以）。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。 如： Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Today’ s electuic cars cannot go as fast as gasolinedriven vehicles because the battery does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline bustion. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body. 5．用于前面所說的情況也適用于另一人（物）的肯定句或否定句中的倒裝 1） 肯定重復(fù)倒裝用： so They have got up, and so has jack 2) 否定重復(fù)倒裝用： nor, neither, no more If you don’ t agree to our plan, neither will they 6．“ not only..but also”結(jié)構(gòu)時，如果 not only 放在句首，則前半 句 but (also)句子后面不倒裝 Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to being broke. 三． 特殊的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 特殊形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是指句子雖然是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而往往是出于強調(diào)的需要，把強調(diào)部分移到句首，而其它部分順序不需要改變，句子主謂不需要倒裝。出現(xiàn)這樣的情況有以下幾種可能： 1．讓步從句的倒裝。 1） as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首 。 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 12 頁 共 13 頁 如： Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job. Brave as they are, they are afraid of fight 2）．出現(xiàn)在句型 be+主語 +其他， e what may中。如： While it’ s true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge— be it scientific or artistic. The business of each day selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. [A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was (答案為 B) 3) no matter how(who? )。however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如： No matter how busy he is , he has to attend the meeting However cold it is , he always goes swimming. 語法測試 1. She said that she __ much progress since she came here. A. makes B. made C. have made D had made 2. “ What’ s the matter, Ali? You look sad. “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I my friends back home. A. just thought B. have just been thinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought 3. She on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words. A. will be working B. worked C. has been working D. will have worked 4. The mittee will not make the decision until it the matter. A. has investigated C. will have investigated D. investigated 5. Carey didn39。t go to the party last night because she the baby for her sister until 9:30. have looked after B. would have to look after C. had to look after D. should have looked after 6. four years since John left school. A. They have been B. It is C. It was D. Those are car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about 4 o39。 clock this afternoon. A. has gone B. has not gone C will be going D. has been going 8. By the time you arrive in London, we __ in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 9. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed . A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D. had been produced 10. The president __ the delegation at the airport but he was taken ill last night, so the vicepresident is going to instead. A. is to meet B. was to meet 中國最大的管理資源中心 (大量免費資源共享 ) 第 13 頁 共 13 頁 C. has been to meet D. was to have met 語法測題答案與詳解 1． (D) 根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，間接引語 (或賓語從句 )的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句的時態(tài)一致。該句中 said是過去時所以 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中也要用過去的某一種時態(tài)，而從句中 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表明其應(yīng)為完 成時態(tài)，故應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。 2． (C) 通過上下文可以判定 Ali看起來很難受很傷心，是因為剛才在進行的事情所導(dǎo)致的，所以用過去進行時較好，故 (C)是正確答案。 3， (C) 根據(jù)句意和時間狀語 for twenty minutes，可以判斷這里應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成進行時是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的強調(diào)形式，并且選項中沒有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，所以 (C)是正確答案。 4． (A) 句意表明委員會是在調(diào)查事件之后才會做出決定，調(diào)查應(yīng)發(fā)生在決定之前，所以應(yīng)用將來完成時態(tài)，但是在英語中，時間條件狀語從句中的將來完成時態(tài)是由現(xiàn)在完成時來表示的，所以正確答案是 (A)。 5． (C) 從上下文的邏輯意義看， (C)項是唯一的正確答案。 Carey沒有參加晚會，原因是給她姐姐照看小孩子。而 (A)和 (D)表示對過去發(fā)生的事情根據(jù)客觀情況作出主觀推斷： (A)作“準是看孩子了”講； (D)作 “本應(yīng)該看孩子”講，都不對，而 (B)表示動作發(fā)生在過去的將來，也不對，所以只有 (C)正確。 6．（ B） 這是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu) (或句型 )。本句也可說在 Four years have passed since John left school.”或“ has been four years sinceJohn left schoo1．’’ 7， (C) until 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的意思，主句因此必須用一般將來時與之呼應(yīng)，口語中常用將來進行時代替一般將來時表示預(yù)料即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生的事，也可表示某件事已經(jīng)決定了。本句完全可以用 will go 因此，正確答案是 (C)。 8． (C) by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中若謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在時，則主句要用將來完成時；若謂語動詞用過去時，則主句要用過去完成時，有時也可以用過去將來完成時。這樣，本道題目的正確答案是 (C)。 9． (D) 有具體表示過去某一時間段內(nèi)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事件的時間狀語，句子應(yīng)該用過去完成時。 10． (B) 由第一個句子中的 but 引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句中所用的過去時，可以判斷總統(tǒng)本要在機場接見代表團，表示計劃要做某事在英語中可以用 be+動詞不定式來表達，故正確答案是 B)。