【導讀】潛力所需要的試驗可以是一個化學品風險評估程序的依據(jù)。目前風險潤滑油的分類進行。性的特點，制備方法質(zhì)量得到優(yōu)化。由此產(chǎn)生的準備協(xié)議導致的石油液體水，可以使用。生物測定提取物進行測試。對化學成分的使用，以及由添加劑帶來的生態(tài)毒理學效應引。起變化的程度需要審議。為了采取這種不同的使用潤滑油，除了新的石油液體測試的原。因外，在這項工作中的各種潤滑油樣品進行了分析與標準化與弧菌鯢和惡臭假單胞菌，水提物的化學特性包括pH值測定，電導率，重金屬，溶解有機碳，無。結(jié)果強調(diào)環(huán)保的論斷，潤滑油可以接受其在使用生態(tài)毒理學的潛。認為通常添加到基礎油，以提高油品的適用性的一些物質(zhì)可能具有很高的潛在。目前超過90％的基礎油是礦物油，一個復雜的混合物含。從而可能會影響潤滑油的生態(tài)毒性。試驗完成，該合成酯基礎。油性階段被駁回。LID表示最高濃度測試樣品。增加已被觀察到的樣本內(nèi)U1。

　　

【正文】 e U2,)and to the metal friction occurring during usage. However the heavy metal content does not seem to be responsible for the higher toxicity shown within the test systems particularly with the luminescence inhibition assay (Schmitz et al.,1999).It is more likely, that alteration of the lubricants due to oxidative processes, high temperature and high pressure are responsible for the effects observed. On the other hand the high phosphorus content of the water extract of the new lubricant decreases by half during usage. This can be attributed to the changes in concentration of the additives. Biological test systems have been established for various substances and e nvironmental samples (Blaise,1998。Dott et al.,1999。Eisentraeger et al.,1997。Eisentraeger and Hund,2021。Keddy et al.,1995).The miniaturised biological test systems used in this study are suitable for the detection of small variations between the oil fluids. Due to the specific sensitivities of the testanisms, the different test systems revealed specific responses to the ingredients and the oil samples, respectively. The growth inhibition test with seems to be suitable for the examination of the ecotoxicological potential of lubricants based on synthetic esters. The influence of the lubricants on this test anism needs further research, in order to discover the underlying mechanism. Further validation of the bioassays with reference substances like oil ponents is necessary. Obviously, it is possible to transfer toxicologically relevant substances of the fluid oils into the aqueous phase in order to simulate a worst case scenario with the presented preparation method. The bioavailability and the toxic potential of a sample are determined by the water extractable ponents. The water solubility of the plex mixture is usually restricted. On the other hand different solubilities of single ponents may in part lead to an accumulation of minor ingredients in the aqueous phase. This can lead to an ambiguous toxic response in dependence on the dilution rate (Steinhaeuser et al.,1989。Steinhaeuser,1992。Steinhaeuser and Amann,1992).As a general rule for formulated lubricants, the predominant material in the water acmodated fraction is likely to be the additives(Bent et al.,1990).The intake and concentrations of toxicologically relevant ponents after preparation will barely contribute to the original samples, but it represents the water extractable ecotoxic potential. At present no standard procedure for the preparation of saturated water soluble fractions of crude oils, lubricant oils and sparely soluble substances does exist (Eismann et al.,1991。Girling,1989).Normally the assessment of the ecotoxicological risk of lubricants based on laws is carried out with unused oils. The presented approach can be used in order to improve the ecotoxicological properties of the lubricants. With the proposed preparation method it is possible to detect alterations in the position of lubricants during usage. The influence of the additives on ecotoxicity can be proved. For an optimisation of the environmentally acceptable lubricants based on synthetic esters the quality and quantity of the added substances have to be taken into consideration. The base oils should be chemically changed in order to transfer the characteristics of the additives to the base oils. Acknowledgements This work is supported by a grand of the German Research Foundation (SFB 442“Nonpolluting tribological systems”。 project“Methods and concepts for the risk assessment of tribological systems and machine tools referring to ecology and environmental medicine”).The newand usedoil samples were kindly put to our disposal by the“Institut fuer fluidtechnische Antriebe”and the“Lehrstuhl fuer Technologie der Fertigungsverfahren”of the RWTH Aachen. The content of phosphorus was kindly measured by the“Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Chemie und Heterogene Katalyse, Institut fuer Brennstoffchemie und ”of the RWTH Aachen. The authors are grateful to , and for technical assistance.